Marketing Processes of Real Organisations-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Analyse the Marketing Strategies and Marketing Processes of real Organisations and determine their effectiveness. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this paper is to understand the effectiveness of the marketing strategies adopted by the companies. For this, there has been highlighted the marketing success of Apple and Sony through the efficient literature. The paper will present the sustained competitive advantage gained by both the companies from their marketing initiatives. The paper will also present an in-depth analysis of the companies through ansoff matrix and the porter five forces model. These models will help in understanding the market position and marketing strategies of the companies. Case Study 1: The Innovative Success that is Apple, Inc. Apple is extremely successful with its marketing initiatives as the company has huge and continuous investments in the research and development as well as advertising and marketing departments for extensively promoting the products across the globe. The company have its emphasis on marketing to the customers that possess few diverse characteristics that includes marketing through segmentation. The primary customers of Apples products are the upper class and upper-middle class individuals as there is a sense of willingness to pay a bit more for relishing the better use experience. It has been observed and analysed that the organisations biggest competitive advantage is its marketing strategy. There is a clear understanding by Apple about the needs and demands of the consumers and the things the customers are excited about in the products. Thus, Apple adopts extensive market research and implements the best marketing strategies for advertising its products. There are strong advertising campaigns that help the company in achieving strong customer base. The company advertise its services and products in the manner that provides improved life to the customers and develops the trend of aesthetics and the significance of lifestyle appeal (Johnson, et al., 2012). Case Study 2: Sony Electronics reaches out to a tech-savvy audience. Sony is among those companies which have a substantial and significant presence in the market through its effective and renowned marketing strategies. Sony remained high in technology and innovativeness in its marketing initiatives. Presently the organisation has taken use of the Adobe Marketing Cloud for increasing its social presence, customer engagement, multiple channels for interacting with the customers and social engagement. The primary and vital factor of Sonys marketing initiatives is to target the techno savvy audiences. Sony has a reliable understanding of the requirements of the tech savvy customers and the way they can be attracted towards the products of Sony. Because of the fact that individuals spend a considerable time over engaging with brands, connecting with friends, consuming entertainment content, shopping and online researching, Sony has its key emphasis on online marketing. To build one-on-one association with the customers and have success in the e-commerce, the company employs effective digital marketing campaigns which are significantly integrated across the social sites, web points and digital touch points (Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2014). Evidence of Sustained Competitive Advantage Evidence for Apples sustained Competitive Advantage The success of Apple and its sustained competitive advantage can be evidently shown by its strong financial position as it is the leading organisation in the electronics and software industry. The organisation has attained huge success which be reviewed from the increasing customer base and the positive feedbacks and reviews of the customers (Lee and Raghu, 2014). Apple has received numerous awards for its innovation and marketing practices that demonstrate the efficiency of its marketing strategies which helped the company in attaining huge global presence and strong brand visibility (Pisano, 2015). The marketing strategy of Apple of expanding in the global markets was a successful initiative as in the international market the company holds for the second largest position and with the introduction of Apple 7, it recognized as the leader in the fourth quarter. All such continuous developments, increased market share and upsurge customer base are the evidence of the sustained competit ive advantage of Apple (Perez, 2017). Evidence for Sonys sustained Competitive Advantage By taking sue of the digital marketing techniques such as Adobe Marketing Clud, Liveclicker video in email and other real time marketing, Sony was able to positive outcomes that offered increased competitive advantages to the company. The rates of Fan Favorites click-through have upsurge by more than a total of 400 percent. The rates of 4K Pre-Sale campaign were upsurge by more than a total of 300 percent (realtime, 2015). The reports, news and data published demonstrate the success of Sony and achievement of competitive advantages by its strong marketing channels. There are a total of 7,526,537 followers of Sony at Facebook and a total of 4,130, 825 followers at Twitter. This explains the social engagement of the customers with Sony. The company has gained huge online presence by its digital marketing which can be analysed by its increasing market share (Hibbard, 2011). Analysis of Apple through Ansoff matrix Market Penetration To penetrate the market, Apple launches every updated and new version of the iPhone in almost in a period of every twelve months. It results in increase of varieties for the customers to select from. The biggest rival in the industry for apple is Samsung which makes complex for Apple to have an increased market share. And thus Apple is taking use of extensive promotions and advertising for fetching the attention of the customers. Product Development To attract the already existing customers of apple, the company has taken several initiatives such as launching iPod shuffle and other Apple products so that the customers can get a more handy experience (Darroch, 2014). Market Development For the market development, such as international markets, Apple has taken sue of launch of iPad as it is just the copy of iPhone except calling functions thus it is perfect for the markets which does not possess cell phones carrier. Diversification Apple iTunes is the perfect example of diversification as it has entered the market of music industry as being the leader in the phone or computer industry, but it is much difficult to have such diversification (Paicu, 2015). Analysis of Sony through Ansoff matrix Market Penetration The market share of Sony is very strong and extended with hundreds of stores and improved customer service. And due to these benefits, the company is required to defend its market share as well as strive hard to upsurge sales with the means of penetration pricing, bundling and effective advertising (Auwinger, 2010). Product Development There are few new products of Sony which can be seen as the part of product development such as the Xperia XZ. The company launched it in 2017. As per the customers feedbacks, it will be able to influence customer through its innovativeness. The features like water resistant, smart technology etc. are the factors of product development for attracting the potential customers (sonycorporation1, 2014). Market Development Sony has required expanding its geographical reach and must tap into new overseas regions and markets other than Japan, America and Europe. At present, the sales as well as the marketing teams must have their emphasis upon identifying new possible areas which can be served by the products of Sony. Diversification Presently Sony is producing electronic gadgets, mobile phones, laptops, cameras, recorders and printers. The new marketing strategy must have kits focus upon the development of the medical equipments such as lens, sensor, Micronics, diagnostics equipments, etc. By this, it will be able to enter the science and technology market and achieve diversification (sonycorporation1, 2014). Analysis of Apple and Sony through Porter five forces model Barraging power of buyers The bargaining power of the buyers in context with Apple is low as Apple offers highly innovative and supreme class products which are not available anywhere else. Thus, the buyers do not able to bargain. In context with Sony, the bargaining power of the buyers is medium as there are other competitive products which can attract the customers and thus buyers tend to bargain (Wonglimpiyarat, 2012). Bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of the suppliers in context with Apple is medium as Apple has a demand for specific and innovative technologies and parts. Thus, which is not available easily as well as not all companies purchase such products. Thus, there is medium bargaining power of suppliers. In context with Sony, the bargaining power of the suppliers is low as there are number of suppliers which can offer the products to the company. Industrial Rivalry There is intense and extreme industrial rivalry in the electronic industry as there are number of competitors of both Apple and Sony such as Samsung, Vivo, Oppo, etc. Thus all the companies are taking sue of innovative technologies and efficient marketing to attract the customers and retain the market share (Khan, Alam and Alam, 2015). Threat of new entrants Apple does not has a threat of new entrants as any other new company cannot offer such innovative, techno savvy and supreme products and cannot have such strong customer base. In case of Sony, it has a little threat of new entrants as there are companies which offer similar products like Sony and are able to fetch the market share from Sony (Kauerhof, 2015). Threat of substitutes Threat of substitutes in context with Apple is low as Apple offers highly innovative and supreme class products which are not available anywhere else. Thus, the buyers do not able to switch on any other brand. In context with Sony, the threat of substitutes is high as there are other competitive products which can attract the customers and thus buyers tend to switch easily (Xue, 2016). Conclusion From this report, it can be concluded that both Apple and Sony have attained extreme success and competitive benefits by their innovative and effective marketing strategies. The authors have presented their success in their literature and have highlighted marketing initiatives as the key to their sustained competitive benefits. It can also be stated from the analysis of both the companies through ansoff matrix and porter five forces that Apple is among the leaders of the industry but have to increase customer base for being at the first position. But Sony needs a lot of efforts to maintain its position in the market in terms of advertising, marketing, innovativeness, analysing customer needs and market trends. References Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2014. Sony Electronics reaches out to a tech-savvy audience. Pp.4. Accessed on: 5th August, 2017. Accessed from: https://wwwimages2.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/customer-success/pdfs/sony-electronics-case-study.pdf Auwinger, H.M., 2010. Entertainment software and hardware industry: utilizing market research and experiential techniques. Darroch, J., 2014. Ansoffs Growth MatrixIn Detail. InWhy Marketing to Women Doesnt Work(pp. 131-147). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Hibbard, C. 2011. Sony Combines Social and Local for Successful Product Launch. Accessed on: 5th August, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/sony-combines-social-and-local-for-successful-product-launch/ Johnson, K., Li, Y., Phan, H., Singer, J. and Trinh, H., 2012. The Innovative Success that is Apple, Inc. Kauerhof, A., 2015. The Strategy of the Smartphone Industry. A Comparative Analysis of Apple, Sony and Xiaomi. Khan, U.A., Alam, M.N. and Alam, S., 2015. A Critical Analysis of Internal and External Environment of Apple Inc.International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management,3(6), pp.955-961. Lee, G. and Raghu, T.S., 2014. Determinants of mobile apps' success: evidence from the App Store market.Journal of Management Information Systems,31(2), pp.133-170. Paicu, C.E., 2015. Communication And BrandingEconomic Standpoint.Annals-Economy Series,5, pp.79-82. Perez, 2017. iPhone 7 sales helped Apple reclaim the top spot in the global smartphone market. Accessed on: 5th August, 2017. Accessed from: https://techcrunch.com/2017/02/01/iphone-7-sales-helped-apple-reclaim-the-top-spot-in-the-global-smartphone-market/ Pisano, G.P., 2015. You need an innovation strategy.Harvard Business Review,93(6), pp.44-54. Realtime, 2015. Sony Electronics increases customer engagement, boosts click-through rate 300-400%. Pp.2. Accessed on: 5th August, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.realtime.email/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/RTE-Sony-Case-Study1.pdf sonycorporation1, 2014. Competitive Advantage of SONY Corporation. Accessed on: 5th August, 2017. Accessed from: https://sonycorporation1.blogspot.in/ Wonglimpiyarat, J., 2012. Technology strategies and standard competitionComparative innovation cases of Apple and Microsoft.The Journal of High Technology Management Research,23(2), pp.90-102. Xue, C.T.S., 2016. An Examination of the Strategic Use of IT Applications in Achieving Competitive Advantages.International Journal,4(7).

Job Satisfaction on Organizational Performance - Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about the Job Satisfaction on Organizational Performance. Answer: Introduction: According to Aziri (2011), Job satisfaction refers to the general expression of the positive attitude of workers built up towards their jobs. It involves a combination of environmental, physiological and psychological circumstances that make a person say he or she is satisfied with his or her job. Even though job satisfaction is affected by different external factors, it is majorly determined by what a person feels inside himself or herself about the job position. Workers develop and maintain an attitude towards their jobs based on the characteristics of their job, the social status that the job brings to them and the experience that the job environment presents to them. At times, someone may develop a negative attitude towards a job, but if characteristics of the job, the economic beliefs, and the expectations that the employee hoped for are incorporated in the job, in the desirable method that the employee desires, then job satisfaction is achieved. Additionally, if the job satisfies the psychological and security needs of the employee and the effects of the job affect the feeling of the employee positively, then they attain job satisfaction in their present job. Job satisfaction can best be explained using Lawlers theory; Which explains job satisfaction in four conditions, the fulfillment theory, the discrepancy theory, the equality theory, and the two factor-factor theory. The fulfillment theory regards reaching what someone wanted, which is what job satisfaction is about. On the other hand, discrepancy theory is all about difference, contradiction, and conflict, meaning that job fulfillment is achieved when there is no conflict, contradiction, and difference. The equity theory, on the other hand, regards the presence of equality, of which a worker looks for in a workplace. Finally, the four-factor theory talks about the elements of fulfillment, of which negative factors include things like low wages, harassment, and other factors, while the contrary will initiate job satisfaction (Celik, 2011). Impacts of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Performance Job satisfaction is an important aspect that influences the success of an organization. The level of satisfaction of the employees determines their behavior in the organization. The usual implication is always that a satisfied worker is always a productive worker. If the employees were satisfied with the services that they get from the organization, they would develop a conducive environment so that the company performs better. If the employees are not satisfied, then the opposite will happen, the organization will perform poorly. Satisfied employees will do their work efficiently, leading to higher returns, knowing that their needs are addressed. Employees who are satisfied will be committed to their work. The result will be that the employees will attend work on regular basis, and in time, creating more time for productivity. Job satisfaction increases trust among members of the company, and its partners, making it possible to register quality results. Besides, cases of criminal activities within the organization will not be present, making it possible for the organization to avoid possible losses. Retention of employees is also of the impacts that job satisfaction has on a company. The longer an employee stays with a company, the more the employee can gain experience, therefore being able to deliver better services to the company, while at the same time building trust among other stakeholders (Latif et al., 2013) How managers can increase job satisfaction First, managers can increase employee providing a positive working environment. The manager needs to identify what impresses people and ensure they get it. A motivating environment requires that the manager goes beyond his normal duty, to address the needs and grievances of the employees. A good example of a company that has managed to provide a positive working environment is Disney World Company. Employee assistance is all from the pack, providing services like bus passes, check cashing, money order, childcare and discount programs (Canrinus, 2012). Secondly, the managers must reward and recognize excellent performance. Recognition of a person for what he or she has done is an important tool towards motivating a person to do better next time. For example, the CEO of Rackspace Managed Holdings, Graham Weston, offers that his top performing employee his luxurious vehicle for a one week (Danish Usman, 2010). The third way that managers can promote job satisfaction is by designing an evaluation and measurement plan for evaluating and measuring the level of job satisfaction. A manager can now determine an effective plan to increase job satisfaction by weighing the situation once the level of satisfaction is determined (Judge et al., 2010). Management Practices that May Influence Job Satisfaction The first management that affects the job satisfaction is Bureaucratic management practices. It refers to a component of the formal organization that utilizes rules and hierarchical ranking to influence productivity in the organization. In the context of bureaucratic management practices, employees are supposed to follow specific rules and are reprimanded to comply with what the organization wants. But a human being is known to resist any force that is exerted on their side, so they would demotivate by such reprimanding, hence making job satisfaction not to flourish (Maleka Rankhumise, 2014). The appointment practice of company may also affect the level of job satisfaction in a company. A company that appoints members basing on their performance is encouraging job satisfaction amongst its employees. Employees will work to achieve better results, therefore secure a position at the top of the company. This practice is present with many flourishing companies. A good example is the AMCO company, where the next CEO is always appointed from the employees, basing on their experience in the company, and their productivity (Klassen Chiu, 2010). Reasons why organizations might encourage or discourage this behavior According to Van Dierendonck (2011), the business and leadership dynamics have changed to a greater extent, and it is no longer just enough jobs to employees. Employees need motivation as they carry out their activities in the company. Therefore bureaucratic management practice has to be discouraged in companies because they make employees feel humiliated and not valued in the company. On the other hand, employees need engagement in conversations about matters that affect them, so that they feel adequately involved in the company management. Secondly, the method of appointment, where members are appointed on another basis, rather than employee productivity and experience should be discouraged because it makes employees feel there is no need to work hard since it is not considered. Alternatively, the companies should make an appointment based on the performance o employee because it encourages them to perform better (Card et al., 2012). I the case of AMCO company, it had to change its appointment method from hierarchical to based on productivity, making it register better performance and better job satisfaction for its employees. Conclusion This paper discusses the meaning of job satisfaction from a practical and theoretical perspective. The concept of job satisfaction can be summarized as an employee having a good attitude towards his or her job. It is important for improvement of company productivity since an employee that is satisfied will yield better performance. Managers can increase job satisfaction by, rewarding employees, providing a positive environment, and developing an evaluation plan. The biggest hindrance to job satisfaction is bureaucracy in the company. It can be rectified by implementing servant leadership, and appointment plan based on performance. References Aziri, B. (2011). Job satisfaction: A literature review. Management research and practice, 3(4), 77-86. Canrinus, E. T., Helms-Lorenz, M., Beijaard, D., Buitink, J., Hofman, A. (2012). Self-efficacy, job satisfaction, motivation and commitment: exploring the relationships between indicators of teachers professional identity. European journal of psychology of education, 27(1), 115-132. Card, D., Mas, A., Moretti, E., Saez, E. (2012). Inequality at work: The effect of peer salaries on job satisfaction. The American Economic Review, 102(6), 2981-3003. Celik, M. (2011). A theoretical approach to the job satisfaction. Polish journal of management studies, 4, 7-14. Danish, R. Q., Usman, A. (2010). Impact of reward and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation: An empirical study from Pakistan. International journal of business and management, 5(2), 159. Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., Podsakoff, N. P., Shaw, J. C., Rich, B. L. (2010). The relationship between pay and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(2), 157-167. Klassen, R. M., Chiu, M. M. (2010). Effects on teachers' self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Teacher gender, years of experience, and job stress. Journal of educational Psychology, 102(3), 741. Latif, M. S., Ahmad, M., Qasim, M., Mushtaq, M., Ferdoos, A., Naeem, H. (2013). Impact of employees job satisfaction on organizational performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(5), 166-171. Maleka, M. J., Rankhumise, E. M. (2014). The impact of management practices on job satisfaction: insights from a state-owned institution. Problem and perspectives in management, 12(4), 476-484. Van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant leadership: A review and synthesis. Journal of management, 37(4), 1228-1261.

Essay Topics For Paradise Lost

Essay Topics For Paradise LostThere are a number of essay topics for Paradise Lost. These can be for different reasons, from the true love story of Peter Pan to the basic 'Why' of why humans continue to think of their parents as monsters. I'm going to discuss some of the essay topics that you can write about if you have a bit of free time. They are a few sample topics to help you get started.One of the more interesting essay topics for Paradise Lost is for the scene in which the father is torturing the son. He uses a chain to bind his son's wrists and pull down his pants, even though the son never did anything wrong. He tells the boy that he is not allowed to kiss his mother, but his father tells him that is what happened.The father is rather touchy-feely with his wife and their red head, so he is emotionally scarred and uses a lot of harsh words. The result is that he forces the boy to give him oral sex to prove his love.For a possible character development there would have to be an other scene in which the father figures out that the boy is really a talking doll. He forces the doll to play musical instruments and paint pictures.Other good topics are the Scarecrow, the Witch, the Tin Man, the Cowardly Lion, the Elephant and the Cow, and the Elephant. If you're writing for an older audience, make sure you include an adult version of these characters.Another essay topics for Paradise Lost would be based on the Little Red Hen. The theme can also be different for each chapter and could be based on whichever character you want.These are just a few essay topics for ParadiseLost. You can even create your own topic and make it fit into the plot of the book.

Tegan Hrad Write Up Essay Example

Tegan Hrad Write Up Essay Was outsourcing the A/P project the right move for Tegan given the other possible alternatives? Outsourcing has seemed to acquire a rise in popularity and usage in our modern times. Outsourcing involves entering into a contract in which an in-house company process, or processes, is ultimately handed over and dealt with from a third party’s perspective. I would have to say that there are three primary, helpful factors to outsourcing, especially when it comes to the world of business. To start off, the cost of operations can be trimmed down through outsourcing. This, in turn, would assist a corporation or business in accumulating more lucrativeness. Secondly, every organization out there has the intention of delivering top-of-the-line services and goods. Outsourcing can contribute to more efficient deliveries. Specifically concerning information technology or something that would be considered to be a bit more technical, outsourcing can bolster efficiency within that particular field of a technical nature. Thus, productivity would be improved through outsourcing. Thirdly and lastly, within a set interval of time, an establishment has the ability through outsourcing to complete projects promptly. This is due to the fact that while a third party is handling a certain progression of a certain company, that individual company can now use its human capital and employees – that may originally were going to have to deal with a peculiar development stage of a certain project which has now been outsourced – in other, more beneficial ways. More labor can be put into other areas. Yet, when concerning one’s self or a company’s self with such an area as information technology, outsourcing must be looked at with meticulous contemplation in order to guarantee the best possible outcome. We will write a custom essay sample on Tegan Hrad Write Up specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tegan Hrad Write Up specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tegan Hrad Write Up specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Experts, on both sides of the aisle, the customer / purchaser and the outsourced business, must exhibit exemplary communication between the two of them. Both sides need to be participating constantly and engaged. Items will need to be analyzed on a constant basis. Participation and engagement will be critical again. With all of this in mind, I would have to say that the A/P project being outsourced, on the part of Tegan, was not a good move. They might have thought it was a good move, but it turned out not to be because the project bombed, especially in terms of the time interval in which it was supposed to be completed. Obviously, there were failures in regards to communication. Additionally, I think Tegan did not make available various pieces of crucial material that could have helped Hrad. Maybe if Hrad had possessed more intricate information or more information at a faster rate of speed, they could have optimized various systems and system functions by the intended due date. SECTION 2: What are the tradeoffs involved in having the requirements analysis for a project performed by one of the firms that would ultimately bid on the project? The main focus, concerning the requirements analysis for a project, is to figure out how a system specifically runs and how all the intricacies within that system work together. In the course of any requirements analysis process, tradeoffs must be pondered. Additionally, when an organization ultimately decides to pick that other outfit to perform whatever assignments need to be done, a thorough thought process will have to go in to that as well. A variety of tradeoffs happen based on many motives. Allow me to expand a bit. Leading off, I have to begin with cost. Cost is an essential, necessary component to undertake requirements analysis. Practically every business out there is attempting to lower costs when taking on any pursuit while simultaneously trying to extract returns at an utmost level. Therefore, if the requirements analysis method is too pricey to do it in-house, the more fitting and suitable approach would be for that business to outsource to another agency the particular tasks and jobs it wants done. I think ideally a firm or business group of sorts would love to use their own employees to complete tasks that the company needs to be fulfilled. Unfortunately, employees can be limited in their knowledge bases. Internally speaking, it may not be able to be done and then upper management may have to hire new people or possibly more people based on the size of the project or project duties. This ramification may not have been in the minds of senior management. Basically, can senior management hire specialized laborers or can they scoot on by without them? Cost definitely plays a role right here. What will be economical for the company? How long can companies consistently pay for specialized labor to work within their internal structures? What outsourcing options does a company have? Subsequently, constrictions and limitations regarding information technology are an integral part of the requirements analysis process. As a firm or company is mulling over the idea of outsourcing, the individual company needs to understand how technologically advanced the other agency is. What are the boundaries and controls of that other agency? Do they actually have a proficient team of technological professionals that will be able to deliver what they promise or will they get stuck on something somewhere in the middle of the project? That would not be good. Whenever a company out there, no matter how big or small it is, indicates to go with an outsourcing partnership, it always helps to uncover and verify the technical aptness of the agency that will be providing the commissioned package of goods and services. Thirdly, time is critical. The deliberation of time intervals and what needs to be finished within a certain time is vital when dealing with a requirements analysis. This is yet another tradeoff. Can we as a company, with everything that is already on our plate, complete projects x, y, and z on our own or do we need assistance getting such projects done in a more timely fashion? To top off this section, if time is the key element that will make or break a project or series of activities, the companies that are researching outsourcing firms and will eventually pick one needs to find one that is efficient in accomplishing the sought after goal of time management. It is always nice for a business to have a positive rapport with an outsourcing firm. It might loosen up any stresses and that outsourcing firm may win the bid. Yet, how friendly is too friendly? Maybe a friendship could be cause for a lax / careless atmosphere. SECTION 3: Given our journeys through the world of system development methods, discuss the choice of development methodology employed by Hrad Technika. I know in class thus far and in this current case (in certain spots), I learned about some different types of development methodology. From what I gathered, I believe the range of methodologies crosses the spectrum from agile methods and waterfall-type routines over to engineering, iterative, and joint access / design. One can even notice that within the Tegan C. C. C. document, the waterfall model is mentioned in the middle of page four. Furthermore, within the Hrad Technika document, on its page four, it used such keywords as iteratively on the top of that page and then jointly and joint meeting in the middle of that page. I found it fascinating to go back through my notes and sort of match up some of these buzz words in the context of these two cases as I read through them. I got to see some of these methodologies referenced, shining a bit more light upon them. Concerning Hrad Technika and what they employed, I would have to say the methodology that was exhibited was one of Joint Access and Joint Design. Moreover, I would say the waterfall methodology popped up too. Within the first kind of methodology (joint methodology), the creators (the outsourced firm, Hrad) remain in contact with the customer (Tegan) concerning choices about what characteristics need to be assimilated into the layout of the current system in place. It is also helpful if the customer (Tegan) has some know-how in regards to all the various pieces and cogs that should be built in and encompassed within the system. What the new system is going to be should be a clear picture within the customer’s mind. That notion will aid and benefit the minds and thinking processes of the designers, also known as the outsourced firm. The outsourced organization would then develop, foster, and nurture such demanded aspects and components into the system. Anything and everything that would be integrated or expanded upon into the system should adhere to strict compliance. The outsourced company cannot put something into the system that is not agreed upon or simply will not fit into the system. In continuation, once the system has been finalized, the client gets to test it. Hopefully the client does test it and does not just start running with it immediately. The customer company needs to make sure they are getting the correct requirements they negotiated. Most likely testing will occur, and this is where both parties can record any inconsistencies and inefficiencies. If rectifications need to be made or functionality needs to be improved, this is where it happens. When jointly designing usages and purposes, both sides need to cooperate. It is only through this cooperation that a successful end result can be achieved. Tegan and Hrad need to be on the same page. After reading both cases, it was quite obvious that there were some alignment problems. Furthermore, within this joint methodology, it is obligatory that both sides have the same real time, working awareness and information for what the anticipated system is supposed to become (this also appeared to be problematic). There cannot be delays or miscues sending and receiving data and material. If there is a break down in any of the topics previously discussed, it will cause a failure within the development of the proposed, newer and better system. I do believe with the joint designing, both companies put forth what they considered to be an adequate amount of effort but through their supposed efforts, they jointly took a nose dive together. I truly believe each side wanted to help the other side, but they never accurately matched up with each other. It wasn’t meant to be. In addition to the joint access method, I also saw elements of the waterfall method illustrated by Hrad. However, with the project climate constantly changing, the waterfall method may not have been the best choice by Hrad. Probably a better choice by Hrad would have been something along the lines of an iterative method. The waterfall method can be quite linear and rigid. It does not allow for flexibility and scope adjustments. I think the term scope creep ended up hitting Hrad pretty hard there towards the end of both cases. With the waterfall method, it seemed to me like Hrad could not really go back to a previous phase. It seems like the waterfall method displayed by Hrad caused the project to overrun not only in regards to time but with cost too. SECTION 4: Why did Hrad Technika, the firm that performed the requirements analysis, have scope and requirements problems once the project commenced? Hrad Technika decided to implement a methodology that involved sharing. The sharing was intended to be mutual and on a consistent basis. Regrettably, barriers that revolved around steady interaction and dependable exchanges of information hindered a good amount of project requirements. Even though Hrad Technika performed the requirements analysis, many of the goals and ideas that were slotted to take place did not meet the standards that needed to be in place. Problems had arisen. First off, the analysis stage was not a success. Hrad had enormously depended upon their former understanding of the system. This understanding and knowledge had come about when they had actually contrived the requirement document. Through this, I can infer that most likely during the quality analysis phase, the project did not excel and outshine, as it was meant. It probably did not show promise and turned out to be a flop. Once again, over-confidence in relation to the system and supposed familiarity with the system contributed to the failings and deficiencies of the planning and devising committees of Hrad. As an end product of all of this, there ended up being a wide-ranging shortage of awareness. The customer (Tegan) and the outsourced firm (Hrad) were not on the same page at all when it came down to the requests and wishes for what wanted to be done with the A / P System. Secondly, the Low Level Design Documents come to mind. There seemed to be time lost or time not properly used concerning the LLDs. I do not think the company of Tegan embraced a correct development methodology. Moreover, I do not believe Tegan had enough adequate resources or enough expert-type employees. There are two great quotes on page three and then page four in the Hrad Technika case that back up the previous sentence. The first one was: â€Å"While at the initial meeting, there had been many people close to the A / P project, it unfolded that it was only the most vocal person at the meeting who understood the system: Julia Jones. † The second was: â€Å"As a short cut, Hrad decided that it would be impossible for Julia Jones (the expert) to review every [single] document, so they distilled what they knew onto a set of PowerPoint slides which they presented to Jones for her reaction. Additionally, the interruption of said time was intrinsic regarding the end date for the project. As a consequence of all these time issues, the managing team obviously wanted to take precautions and preventative measures to try to condense the time of culmination for the project. However, in a way, this over eagerness to remedy time management difficulties headed towards some other errors t hat inadvertently held up the typical and customary functioning of the system. Overall, another methodology should have been used. I think the system failure was due to the methodology that got picked. There should have been another course of action where Tegan did not have such a principal role. If that had been the case, maybe Hrad could have improved the performance of the system. SECTION 5: The Case Writers state: Sadly, Smith knew that â€Å"Leadership† and â€Å"Commitment†, the paucity of which was blamed for untold IT failures were not the problems here. Critique- do you agree? What do  you  see as the most important IT management failures here? It is quite evident that there was a deficiency in the commitment and leadership categories from both sides, Tegan and Hrad. This paucity, as it is called, caused several complications throughout the execution of the A / P project. Thus, I do not agree with the quotation above. I think leadership and commitment were some of the major problems and contributed greatly to the unsuccessful nature of the project. I mean, Tegan did not exactly express an overwhelming dedication to the project due to the fact that it never truly released a sufficient amount of knowledgeable staff to help accelerate the LLD reviews. In response to all of this, Hrad was pretty accommodating and compliant to the seemingly inflexible ways of Tegan. The mannerisms of Tegan displayed an attitude as if they did not care if the project was a success or not. Furthermore, Tegan was adamant about having a fixed-price contract. This was all regardless of over-flowing costs and even the enthusiasm and cooperation of Hrad to pay for some of the additional costs. This right here is sort of exemplifying in a way that Tegan really did not want to go the distance with this project. I feel as if Tegan just wanted to pay someone swiftly and have the outsourced company get it done swiftly too. Moreover, another conceivable drawback that could have endangered and threatened the project was employing the exact same company that also performed the requirements analysis. Concerning one final thought and going back real quick to the fixed-price contract, the usage of this kind of contract forced a sizeable test upon Hrad in tackling the new transformations of the execution of the project. The system had some very complex pieces to it that were not initially recognized. SECTION 6: Which of the options for moving forward that Tegan identified would you recommend? I would have to state that the project at hand was an immediate failure. Many conditions and obligations were not met. It is also obvious that more time and more money will be necessary to guarantee that at some point the project will be officially completed. Two primary reasons for the shortcomings of this project, yet again, included the sluggish rotational speed in regards to the LLDs and how fast they could send them back and forth to one another accompanied with appropriate feedback and secondly, the consciousness that suddenly came about in regards to the fact that other and new elements needed to be incorporated into the system of which had not been delineated within the requirements analysis. Out of the four possible choices on page five of the Tegan document, I would go with a mix of one and three. Tegan should â€Å"stick with Hrad†, and they should also continue to â€Å"devote resources to ideally fix, or at least patch the existing system. † The fundamental recommendation, as I see it, would be to expand the timeline rather than to considerably shrink the project’s functionality. I think Hrad is starting to see the complexities, they just need more time. An entirely new outsourced firm, I think, would be bad. A new firm might not even see what Hrad is recognizing right now for an even longer period of time, which could possibly produce what would seem like an eternal drag of resources and money. I think this recommendation would be the best. I think it would be advantageous to Tegan and Hrad logically speaking because eventually the deliverables would be met, they would specifically be met by Hrad, and maybe some sort of relationship restoration could be had.

Get Into Engineering Schools Like MIT, Caltech, CMU, or RPI With the SAT

Get Into Engineering Schools Like MIT, Caltech, CMU, or RPI With the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Engineering schools don't look for the same things on a college application that the average school does. I would know because I have an engineering background and spent substantial time studying the process of getting into Caltech and MIT, and then I did it. Here, I reveal how they're different. Strong in SAT Math You have to, have to, be strong in math to get into engineering schools. That means that on your SAT, your SAT math section matters the most by far. 800 is ideal, but try to get at least 700 to have a decent shot at admission to top engineering schools. Consider the following: Tim has an 800 in Math and a 550 in Reading. John has a 700 in Math and a 700 in Writing. At a top liberal arts college like Brown, John is the better scorer by far: he has a higher total score, and his score is more well-rounded. But at MIT, it is reversed: Tim has the better shot by far. The difference between a 700 and 800 is quite substantial in the Math section. MIT literally admits the top 0.1% or better of engineering students. Math is the fundamental building block of all engineering. A 700 only puts you in the top 8% of students not impressive at all by comparison. In summary, on the SAT I, you should be getting close to an 800 in the Math section. If you are close to an 800, and feel that you are mainly missing test strategy, then you have a great shot, and ought to prep for math so you can get closer to an 800. If you feel like you are missing fundamental math skills and are far from an 800, then you should look at different engineering schools that are closer to your score range. Show Off Even More Math To be honest, while an 800 in Math on the SAT I is great, for a school like MIT, it's not an automatic shoo-in (some things are; I'll talk about them below). That's because the SAT has a ceiling in math difficulty (usually below Calculus). Thus, if you know everything pre-Calculus by heart, you can get an 800. Students who are good at math want to show off even more skill. This is where the SAT Math IIC comes in the content is more advanced, and you want to do well here too. Finally, take AP math courses whenever possible, and the most difficult ones, to showcase your skills. Did I Mention Math? At this point you might think I'm getting ridiculous, but I'm not. The point to drive home is that they really care about math. In particular, there are a few things you can do that will almost guarantee* you admissions to places even as hallowed as MIT and Caltech: - Score well on a specific math competition. Scoring high on the AIME often guarantees admission. - Score really, really well on any science/math competition. If you're the world winner of the International Biology Olympiad, your chances oif admission are very good. The analogues of this competition in Informatics, Chemistry, Math, and Physics are all great ways to endure your admission. - Go to a prestigious science/math camp like RSI. Note carefully the names I put in above, like "AIME" and "RSI"; they are important. They are especially well-known by top colleges and you should try for those specific programs. Close relatives of the above brands are not the same. (I am not invested in any of the above competitions, for full disclosure.) What Doesn't Matter? Most other items that you associate with standard liberal arts colleges don't matter as much. Orchestra? Debate? Top writer? For engineering schools, these are like flowers outside a restaurant: nice in an ideal candidate, but not what they came for. * All these great schools have admissions rates of around 10% or less. Anything north of 50% is a guarantee in my book with respect to college admissions. As long as you aren'ta total slacker or psycho and don't drop the ball, you'll get in. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is co-founder of PrepScholar. He scored a perfect score on the SAT and is passionate about sharing information with aspiring students. Fred graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor's in Mathematics and a PhD in Economics. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Employment law paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employment law paper - Essay Example This is simply because any act of a supervisor can be construed to be the act of an employer, especially when an employee is impacted on a job benefit. In cases where the employee is not impacted in tangible terms, here the employers can limit the liability under the following defense: a) The employer has been noted to exercise reasonable care for the prevention of any form of harassment, and b) The employee has not taken complete advantage of any preventive measures that have been provided by the employers. The EEOC General Counsel explains that the cases that involve the English only rule or any restrictive language policies and any language discrimination are given first importance for the commission. As per the EEOC, employers cannot and must not target the workers based on discrimination based on fears, stereotypes or even fear of the language or country of origin. Based on the Title VII, Sears has clearly violated the law, as it clearly explains, no employment discrimination based on any factor like race, age, color, sex, national origin or even religion is allowed. In this case Mary has been fired from the company for speaking in Spanish on the sales floor with a co-worker. This is clearly a violation of the law and clearly shows discrimination against the employees. The fact that the employees are allowed to talk in Spanish with the customers however not with the coworkers, is a clear discrimination. Mary could have been given a warning however, not fired as it is not ethical an d completely violates the Title VII and the EEOC rules. The Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications allows the employers to make discrimination and permits them to employers of American Airlines to discriminate and to make the pilots and flight attendants to work on religious holidays as well. This however is not fair and it is important to understand, when companies prefer to have a diversified work force, it is

The Gramscian approach to understanding civil society and how this Essay

The Gramscian approach to understanding civil society and how this might be relevant to how the world bank works with NGOs through its lending programme - Essay Example The Civil Society Unit of the Bank is directly charged with overseeing the carrying out of the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and related projects. This report is compiled on behalf of the unit with the aim of shedding some light on what considerations and choices are made in conceptualizing such projects. The unit believes that whereas some of the concerns leveled at the Bank are genuine and well founded, the vast majority of them are based on lack of information on the theoretical framework of carrying out the projects (The World Bank, 2005, 4). The main approach used by the Bank in dealing with civil society in general is grounded on the Gramscian approach originally postulated by Italian scholar Antonio Gramsci. This paper aims at shedding light on this approach so as to allay some of the criticisms that may be based on misinformation about the approach. The post Marxist or Gramscian approach to the understanding of civil society is grounded in the works of sociology scholars Karl Marx, Georg Hegel and Gramsci. It came up in opposing response to the liberal democratic approach which was mainly propagated by philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville. Both approaches aimed at explaining the nature and role of civil society. The development of civil society dates back to Roman Empire in which it was known by the Latin term societas civilis. The term refers to the range of organizations, groupings and societies that operate outside the formal government. They include registered NGOs and more informal groupings such as pressure groups and other small movements (Mcllwaine, 2007, p 5). According to Liberal Democratic Approach proposed by Tocqueville and others, Civil Society is a mainly autonomous sphere of liberty incorporating an organizational culture that morphs into both political and economic democracy. It is therefore a productive force and a useful