Issues That Plague Law Enforcement Personnel Essay

In the criminal justice career path many problems can arise. Stress from the job can create problems in the work field as well as in the personal and social areas of one’s life. Job stress can also tie into fatigue and alcohol and/or drug abuse. Fatigue gives us tired cops and tired cops can be a bad thing in the criminal justice field. Alcohol and drug abuse plagues cops everywhere. There are many suggestions for programs and treatment ideas for these problems that plague our law enforcement officers. Job stress can’t be avoided in any job field. It especially can’t be avoided in the field of law enforcement. Job stress can come from many sources. Having to exercise prudent discretion all the time, the threat of using violence and having violence used against them, and isolation from the rest of society are the major causes. It can lead to negative attitudes, burnout, loss of enthusiasm and commitment (aka cynicism), increased apathy, divorce, substance abuse and health problems, and many other social, personal, and job-related problematic behaviors. Work place support, training officers to cope with the effects of stress, stress management, and stress training are things that law enforcement are currently doing to lessen job stress. Stress training includes diet info, biofeedback, exercise, relaxation, and meditation. I believe that all law enforcement personnel should have to undergo psychological and fitness evaluations every three to six months. Fatigue is a growing problem in law enforcement today. Lengthy shifts with unpredictable hours can cause for a major loss of sleep for law enforcement personnel. It can cause officers to act inappropriately or become injured on the job. It can cause car accidents or officers to fall asleep at the wheel. It can also cause officers to miss important details of a case; sometimes a few hours of sleep can mean the difference between life and death. Administrators should pay attention to scheduling, adopt policies placing limitations on second jobs, and giving officers a voice in work-hour and shift-scheduling decisions can help lessen the fatigue problem that plague our law enforcement personnel. The sad part is that alcohol and/or drug abuse plagues law enforcement  personnel and ties in with both job stress and fatigue. They are both major contributing factors to the start of alcohol and/or drug abuse. Counseling and self-help classes can help tremendously for personnel who admit they have a problem and seek help. If law enforcement personnel were to undergo psychological and fitness evaluations every three to six months we might be able to combat these problems before they start. If measures are taken and new programs implemented for combating the issues of job stress, fatigue, and alcohol and drug abuse we can lower the health risk that these problems pose to our law enforcement personnel. Job stress, fatigue, and alcohol/drug abuse are common problems. If we make our personnel aware of these major problems they may realize they have a problem or wish to avoid these problems taking over their lives. The hope is that they come and ask for help. Administrators also need t o know how to spot a problem to get personnel help before the problem affects their lives, jobs, or anyone else’s lives.

Short Story about Old Woman

In a large town there was an old woman who sat in the evening alone in her room thinking how she had lost first her husband, then both her children, then one by one all her relations, and at length, that very day, her last friend, and now she was quite alone and desolate. She was very sad at heart, and heaviest of all her losses to her was that of her sons; and in her pain she blamed God for it. She was still sitting lost in thought, when all at once she heard the bells ringing for early prayer. She was surprised that she had thus in her sorrow watched through the whole night, and lighted her lantern and went to church. It was already lighted up when she arrived, but not as it usually was with wax candles, but with a dim light. It was also crowded already with people, and all the seats were filled; and when the old woman got to her usual place it also was not empty, but the whole bench was entirely full. And when she looked at the people, they were none other than her dead relations who were sitting there in their old-fashioned garments, but with pale faces. They neither spoke nor sang; but a soft humming and whispering was heard all over the church. Then an aunt of hers stood up, stepped forward, and said to the poor old woman, â€Å"Look there beside the altar, and thou wilt see thy sons. † The old woman looked there, and saw her two children, one hanging on the gallows, the other bound to the wheel. Then said the aunt, â€Å"Behold, so would it have been with them if they had lived, and if the good God had not taken them to himself when they were innocent children. † The old woman went trembling home, and on her knees thanked God for having dealt with her more kindly than she had been able to understand, and on the third day she lay down and died.

Contemporary Issues Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary Issues Assignment 2 - Essay Example This demographic appears as being unique because of societal stereotypes that with age comes ignorance as far as technology is concerned. Thus, the elderly are not expected by mainstream society to be frequent Internet users and vocal on sites such as social media platforms. This stereotyping has led to the loss of business opportunities by many corporates all over the globe (Aaker, 000, p.81). This can be extrapolated from the fact that silver surfers represent a market and workforce base that is more often than not unexploited almost in its entirety (Aras, 2009, p.55). Silver-Surfer demographic is relevant to any contemporary commercial organization primarily because of the timeline of operations of people in this group. A majority of people in this age demographic have retired from formal employment or are en route to do so in a few years. As a result, people in this age group do not have restrictions that are present in other age groups, the most common of which is time (Bratton, Jeffrey, 2000, p.201). People in this age group work on a more flexible timetable as opposed to their age groups where people are working multiple jobs at the same time (Bonhoeffer, 2001, p.91). This demographic group is therefore very significant in any contemporary commercial organization because of the flexibility of this group as far as time is concerned. Silver surfers present an operations base that is primarily unexploited. Society tends to shy away from the old in any formal setting. These emotions and reactions are fuelled by stereotypes that people in this age demographic are very dull as far as their social interaction is concerned (Schneider, 2004, p.50). The result is a very capable and highly experienced workforce that is greatly unexploited. Any contemporary commercial organization considering hiring silver surfers can use this as a public relations strategy to rid the world of societal

Read the attachment carefully Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Read the attachment carefully - Assignment Example e is competition; other companies like Schlumberger and Halliburton also operate in the same industry producing almost similar products to the market. All their products are consumed by the same consumers making competition a great external factor in the task environment. It always keeps the company in check to produce more and quality equipments and services (Kew &John, 11). Customers demand products based on their quality making the companies compete in producing the best qualities. The better the quality, the higher the consumption rate, thus, more profit to the business (Slaton & Hunter, 321). To be efficient in their production quality is important leading to the next task environment that is resources. Resources include skilled workers, raw materials, and finance. These factors must exist for efficient operation of the company in orders to produce quality services and equipments. Without them, the company cannot operate, and if they are limited, the level of production is reduced and the company can collapse. The last important element in the task environment of the National Oil Well Varco Inc is the technology. It enhances smooth operations within the company and production of technical tools. Since most of its products are used by other firms like drilling companies, advanced technology is essential to producing efficient equipments and services. Technology also helps it keep up with the competition in the global market at large. In the Oil Gas Drilling Industry, Diamond Offshore Drilling is one of the companies operating in that sector. Some of its task environments are similar to those of the National Oil Well Varco Inc. For example, it is faced with completion from other companies like, Noble Corp, and Ensco plc that also drill oil gas. Another similar critical task environment element is technology. For effective and efficient operation of the company, advanced technology is necessary. Its activities require sophisticated and advanced technology to

Grusendorf v Oklahoma City, 816 F. 2d 539 (U.S. Court of Appeals for Essay

Grusendorf v Oklahoma City, 816 F. 2d 539 (U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit 1987) - Essay Example The Supreme Court observed that only personal rights that can be deemed important in the concept of ordered liberty are included in this guarantee of personal liberty( Ducat, 2009).The Court outlined the current reach of these freedoms as embracing personal decisions relating to marriage, procreation, contraception, family relationships, child rearing and education. The defendant argues out that the law used to judge him was not applicable and did not match with his case (The federal reporter, 1987). To resolve the issue of whether or not Grusendorf’s rights of liberty or privacy were violated by the non-smoking regulation, it is instructive to study the Supreme Courts approach in Kelley v. Johnson. The case is similar as this one though the plaintiff there was a police officer rather than a firefighter and claimed a fourteenth amendment right to grow a beard rather than a right to smoke a cigarette (Bureau of National Affairs , 1995). A review of the record suggests that the district court found the defendants disputes influential. The defendants moved for an award of attorneys fees and submitted briefs in support of it, together with affidavits from their attorneys detailing their fees. Bowers v. Hardwick said that the federal courts should not take an expansive view of their authority to discover new fundamental

Barriers of Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Barriers of Communication - Essay Example In the time when every organization is trying hard to gain competitive advantage, appropriate use of time is one of the factors that makes a difference and provides an organization with an edge over the others (Grasso, Golen, and Burns, 2005, p. 37). Overcoming barriers to communication not only saves time, but it also makes it easier for the management to implement any kind of change any time, and saves the resources that are otherwise consumed in conveying information. The most detrimental barriers to the achievement of goals and objectives vary from one organization to another depending upon a range of factors. These factors include but are not limited to the location of organization, its culture, the size and nature of business, and the socio-economic circumstances prevailing in the region. To identify its most detrimental barriers, an organization should review its past performance and trace the roots of the problems that it has encountered. For some organizations, it might be barriers to communication, whereas for others, it might be barriers to change, lack of funds, or culture

Sources for Early Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sources for Early Islam - Essay Example various historical books like the God’s Caliph have history about Islam community as well as their Islamic faith, the state of our Allah in the society and our roles as individuals in the Islam faith. The Holly book of Quran has all the obligations of each Muslim in their society. The holy book of Quran has full account of the life history of Mohamed and his role in shaping the faith of Muslims. Furthermore, parents also do much in teaching their children about the Islamic faith. Moreover, we can use the scriptures, the hadiths and the biographies as historical sources of information in various ways. For instance by constant reading of the scripture, we can get the historical information about the important people in the Muslim community and their roles in our society that they played. For instance by reading the scriptures about Mohamed we can typically deduce the various roles he played in shaping the faith of Muslims. In that instance we use the scripture to show us whatever Mohamed and other prophets did in the times before we were born. Similarly, the hadiths are also a collection of all the reports about the actions, words and teachings of the prophet Mohamed. That can be used as a source of history on the things and deeds about the great prophet. These are history about the whereabouts and deeds of the prophet after his death in the Islamic society. Most of our clerics and jurist vindicate the hadiths. However, varied scholars classify these hadiths very dissimilarly. These hadiths help people in proper understanding of the Quran in great depth. Therefore we use the hadiths as historical source in determining what the Prophet Mohamed did in the historical past. Biographies are also significant part of the Muslim history. These are accounts of prominent individuals in the history of the Islam faith,. They account the life events of these people in the society. Through reading of these biographies we come to understand how history unveils by re visiting

Safety training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Safety training - Essay Example Although Pro's Choice conducted safety and health training program for its employees using videos, posters, and pamphlets, safety and health practices may not have been seriously implemented by both management and employees. It may also be that the training methods chosen were not suited for those being trained, thereby little learning was achieved and implementation of supposedly learned practices failed. Another reason would be that the working environment at Pro's Choice has also not been provided as free from hazards as evidenced by the OSHA citations and fine for a serious infraction. This is indicative of Pro's Choice lack of commitment to safety and health for its employees, which may be the reason why supervisor safety warnings are joked about as a band-aid procedure. Firstly, management commitment to occupational safety and health should be established, especially since there are government laws that companies have to comply with. Moreover, the lack of management commitment will eventually be costly for the company as it may result in additional medical costs for injured employees, government sanctions for violations and infractions, and deterioration of company image as a good place to work.

The Essential Features of Prokaryotic Replication Essay

The Essential Features of Prokaryotic Replication - Essay Example This is nothing but duplication of the nuclear material contained in the nucleus of the cell, be it pro or eukaryotes. Replication is an essential phenomenon related to growth and division of the cell. Growth and division refer not simply to the accretion of biomolecules, but to the replication of an integrated pattern of functions and structures. The continuity of cellular structure is a necessary complement to the continuity of genetic information. This occurs through the process of replication (Burton and Engelkirk, 2001, 134-150). Replication of the prokaryotic cells is a process central to the biological reproduction and morphogenesis. From that aspect, every cell including prokaryotic cells continuously is in a process looking forward to the next cycle of replication as long as favourable environments are available. Sometimes, the time required to replicate is too small to acknowledge. There are incidences where a whole colony of prokaryote E. coli may replicate in 20 minutes. Indeed, making two cells where there was one before is the only discernible purpose of all the cell's metabolism, physiology and behaviour. This process thus involves production of cell constituents as long as energy and nutrients are available to accommodate to the need of replication. This again involves three processes, doubling of the volume and surface area by elongation at constant diameter, duplication of the genome and partitioning of the copies, and cytokinesis, division of the cytoplasm by the in-growth of a septum at the mi dpoint, followed by separation of the daughter cells (Harold, 2001, 99-102). Structurally, prokaryotes are very simple cells when compared to eukaryotic cells, and yet they are able to carry on the necessary processes of life. Reproduction of prokaryotic cells is by binary fission-the simple division of one cell into two cells, following DNA replication and the formation of a separating membrane and cell wall. The prokaryotic chromosome usually consists of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule, which serves as the control center of the bacterial cell. It is capable of duplicating itself, guiding cell division, and directing cellular activities. When a cell is preparing to divide, all the DNA molecules in the chromosomes of that cell must duplicate, thereby ensuring that the same genetic information is passed on to both daughter cells. This process is called DNA replication. It occurs by separation of the DNA strands and the building of complementary strands by the addition of the correct DNA nucleotides (Burton and Engelkirk, 2001, 151-162).Figur e 1: The Process of Replication Figure 2: Bacterial Replication Wall Synthesis The point on the molecule where DNA replication starts is called the replication fork. The most important enzyme required for DNA replication is DNA polymerase. The duplicated DNA of the chromosomes can then be separated during cell division, so that each daughter cell contains the same number of chromosomes, the same genes, and the same amount of DNA as in the parent cell. In bacteria, as in other walled cells, morphogenesis revolves around wall construction. Bacteria lack an internal

Race in america Essay Example for Free

Race in america Essay At the turn of the last century, WEB Dubois wrote, â€Å"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line, the relation of the darker to the lighter races of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands of the sea. Every study has come to the same conclusion that biologically, there are no races, yet the social construction of race as a category is alive and well today. The classification system, which radicalized different groups typifying them according to their skin color and/or other defining features has a long history. With the advent of colonialism, racism underpinned the different and negative valuations attached to skin color. The racism of today is much more subtle and is no longer the blatant discrimination based on the color or your skin. It exists within the institutions of our society. It is the combination of government, corporate and media institutional racism that is largely responsible for the inequities of today. Unfortunately, these divisions impact the way in which we live our life and how we advance socially. Race has always been a complicated subject and is inevitable. Although we have made tremendous strides to dismantle the foundations of racism, it is clear and evident that racism still persists within the institutions of our society. I believe that America is one of greatest countries on the earth and it is a land of opportunity for everyone. The American dream is alive and well and many people of all races have had tremendous success. With these positives in place, it is no wonder why there have been so many incredible achievements by African Americans in the 21st century to include the obvious the first black president. Over the years there has been much success in trying to dismantle discrimination against different races. By the time the modern civil rights movement arose during the mid-20th century, subjugation had prospered for nearly three hundred years. It was precisely this legalized subjugation that was the major target of the modern civil rights movement. Brown v. Board of Education was decided in 1954; Rosa Parks sat down in a Montgomery bus in 1955; the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place in 1963; and in an exhilarating five year period, three federal laws were passed-the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Fair Housing Act of 1968-that taken together established a legal framework for racial justice. Over intense, opposition, the civil rights movement had succeeded, by 1968, in dismantling the legal structure of Jim Crow laws and replacing it with a legal structure designed to ensure equality and dismiss discrimination on all levels. Although these laws were very successful, you will still find racism within the institutions of our society. This â€Å"institutional racism† impacts every aspect of life in the 21st century from schooling to employment. It forms an invisible barrier that is hard to comprehend among all ethnic groups. Racism in our institutions can enter in every part of a persons life and make it extremely difficult to advance socially, financially or politically. What is even worse is that racism does not just affect individuals; it affects entire communities and has an affect African American progress in the 21st century. These divisions in society create a whole cycle. If you don’t get the same job opportunities, you cannot afford the same education as some others, which lead to poor decisions because you don’t know any better. It is not because they are inferior; it is because they do not have the same opportunities because of racial prejudice. Racism is present in government bodies, private business corporations, and universities. Redlining is a clear example of how institutional racism is present in our society. The ability of Banks, mega-corporations, and major financial institutions top pick winners and losers has setup a system of vast inequality between poor black communities and the middle class. Many of these private businesses use redlining to systematically shut minorities out of business opportunities, healthy food choices and banking options. Another example of how we see race in our society today is through college admissions. One of the first things we are asked to fill out in our applications is what race we are. Affirmative action has been created that takes factors such as race, gender, religion, into consideration in order to benefit an unrepresented group in education. This policy has been taken place in order to counter the effects of past discrimination. Although this seems like a good policy to equalize educational opportunity, it can also presents controversies on how different races are treated. For example, Abigail Fisher a white Texan was denied admissions into the University of Texas while less qualified Latinos and African Americans were accepted. University of Michigans college applications you automatically receive 20 points out of 100 if your black. The policies presented in the institutions of our society clearly present how race discrimination is still evident in our society. Because we have been so ingrained with racial differences it is hard to escape, we need to be willing to hold equal values for everyone in order to truly see change. As another major institution in society, the media plays a critical role in racial discrimination. They provide us with definitions about who we are as a nation; they reinforce our values and norms; they give us concrete examples of what happens to those who transgress these norms; and most importantly, they perpetuate certain ways of seeing the world and peoples within that world. Racism has been evident in media for quite some time and has influenced many people. Birth of the Nation by D. W. Griffith was one of the many ways that displayed African Americans as inferior. The film featured two themes in which suggested that the KKK had been responsible for quelling the unrest in the South after the civil war, and that African Americans were the cause of all the problems in the United States. â€Å"Griffith seared images of degraded images into the minds of millions. A whole new generation of consumers of American mass media was fed the same old stereotypes of shape images of African Americans† (Lee Baker). Even as it did back then, the media still plays an important role in reinforcing our thoughts about racial inferiority. Today the Media have divided the working class and stereotyped young African-American males as gangsters or drug dealers. As a result of such treatment, the media have crushed youths prospects for future employment and advancement. The media have focused on the negative aspects of the black community (e. g.engaging in drug use, criminal activity, welfare abuse) while maintaining the cycle of poverty that the elite wants. Because we have been brainwashed by racism in media for so long, it has affected the way we view people today and has created divisions in our society in the 21st century. The 21st Century has brought about many attempted changes in society. There is legislation against discrimination in its many forms. Affirmative action has been used as an attempt to ensure individuals are given equal opportunity for employment, housing, and other types of advancement. Television shows have changed format and characters to seek political correctness. Nevertheless, society cleverly and subtly maintains its separate views of the races. With this the racism in the institutions in our society such as the in the media or education, makes it extremely difficult for certain people to advance in life. There will always be those who will fight for change while others resist, seeking to maintain the status quo. But overall there can still be no improvement unless many individuals work together for equality.

Leadership in Organizational Settings

Leadership in Organizational Settings Leadership can be defined as the ability to influence, motivate, and enable other people to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members (McShane, S.l., Von Glinow, 2010). The competency perspectives try to identity the characteristics of effective leaders. The leaders might have specific personality characteristics, such as positive self-concept, integrity, drive, and leadership motivation, knowledge of the business, cognitive and practical intelligence, and emotional intelligence. Besides that, the behavioural perspective of leadership identifies two types of leader behaviour, people-oriented and task-oriented (McShane, S.L., Von Glinow, M.A., 2012). The contingency perspective of leadership takes the view that effective leader diagnose the situation and adapt their style to fit the situation. There are four leadership styles in path-goal model: directive, supportive, participative, and achievement oriented and several contingencies relating to the characteristics of the employee and of the situation (Bolman Deal, 1991). According to the founders, there are two other contingency leadership theories include the situational leadership theory and Fiedlers contingency theory. Transformational leaders create a strategic vision, communicate that vision through framing and build commitment toward the vision. In this topic, cultural values also influence the leaders personal values, which is turn influence men or womens leadership practices. 1.2 Background of the Company: AirAsia In this assignment, we try to probe the leadership style of AirAsia. AirAsia is an airline company in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is focusing on low-cost with the dream of making flying possible for everyone. Tony Fernandes, the CEO of the AirAsia, who is the founder of Tune Air Sdn. Bhd. He is the one who introduced the budget no-frills airline. Now AirAsia is the largest low cost airline in Asia. AirAsia group operates scheduled domestic and international flights to over 400 destinations spanning 25 countries. Its main hub is the Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) which is located at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). The vision of AirAsia is to be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving three billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. There are four mission of AirAsia: to be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a big family; to build a globally recognised ASEAN brand; to accomplish the lowest c ost so that everyone can fly with AirAsia and sustain the highest quality product, enchanting technology to reduce the cost (Company Profile of AirAsia Berhad, 2013) 2.0 CONTENT 2.1 Competency perspective of leadership Competencies encompass a broad range of personal characteristics, including knowledge, skills, abilities, and values. Personal characteristics significantly influence leadership emergence the perception that someone is a leader in a leadership situation. (Steven L. McShane, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). Leadership competencies can be grouped into seven categories such as: Emotional intelligence The important attribute of effective leaders. The leaders ability to monitor his or her own and others emotions, discriminate among them, and use the information to guide his or her thoughts and actions. Integrity Integrity refers to the leaders truthfulness and tendency to translate words into deeds. This characteristic is sometimes called authentic leadership because the individual acts with sincerity. Drive Drive represents the inner motivation that leaders posses to pursue their goals and encourage others to move forward with theirs. Drive inspires inquisitiveness, an action orientation, and boldness to take the company into uncharted waters. Leadership motivation The leaders need for socialized power to accomplish team or organizational goals. Effective leaders try to gain power so they can influence others to accomplish goals that benefit the team or organization. Self- confidence The leaders belief in his or her own leadership skills and ability to achieve objectives. Effective leaders are typically extroverted such as outgoing, sociable, talkative, and assertive, but they also remain humble. Intelligence The leaders above-average cognitive ability to process enormous amounts of information. Leaders have superior ability to analyze a variety of complex alternatives and opportunities. Knowledge of the business The leaders tacit and explicit knowledge about the companys environment, enabling him or her to make more intuitive decisions. 2.2 Transformational leadership Transformational leadership is about leading changing the organizations strategies and culture so that they have a better fit with the surrounding environment. Transformation leaders are change agents who energize and direct employees to new set of corporate values and behaviors. They create, communicate, and model a shared vision for the team or organization, and they inspire followers to strive for that vision. Next, Transformational leadership is particularly essential in organizations that require significant alignment with the external environment. There are several elements of transformational leadership: Create a strategic vision It refers transformational leaders establish a vision of the companys future state that engages employees to achieve objectives they didnt think possible. Strategic vision creates a higher purpose or superordinate goal that energizes and unifies employees. A strategic vision might originate with leader, but it is just as likely to emerge from employees, clients, suppliers, or other stakeholders. Communicate the vision It refers transformational leaders communicate meaning and elevate the importance of the visionary goal to employees. They frame messages around a grand purpose with emotional appeal that captivates employees and other corporate stakeholders. Framing helps transformational leaders establish a common mental model so that the group or bring their visions to life through symbols, metaphors, stories, and other vehicles that transcend plain language. Metaphors borrow images of other experiences, thereby creating richer meaning of the vision that has not yet been experienced. Model the vision Modeling the vision is also important because it builds employee trust in the leader. The greater the consistency between the leaders words and actions, the more employees will believe in and be willing to follow the leader. Build commitment toward the vision Build commitment toward the vision which is transforming a vision into reality requires employee commitment. Transformational leaders words, symbols, and stories build a contagious enthusiasm that energizes people to adopt the vision as their own. Leaders demonstrate a can do attitude by enacting their vision and staying on course. Their persistence and consistency reflect an image of honesty, trust, and integrity. Lastly, leaders build commitment by involving employees in the process of shaping the organizations vision. Application Competency Perspective of Leadership 1. Leadership motivation Toni Fernandes was a leadership motivation leader. He was very accessible to the media was entirely committed to his business. He tries to gain power and influence others to accomplish goals that benefit the team or organization. For example, he wore AirAsias official T-shirt and office red rap cap to almost every official function and sometimes he will serve the customers on the plane together with employees. (Tony Fernandes, 2012) He had done this action because he wanted to motivate his employees move toward together to achieve the goals. Besides that, Tony Fernandes was an outgoing, sociable and talkative person. He gave his phone number to all the media representatives, and was himself advertisement for his company. Although he was a Group Chief Executive Officer of AirAsia, but he also remain humble in front of others. Because of his personal characteristic and attitude, he was able to achieve their companys objectives and goals. He had became a good example for his employees, so that employees willing to follow him to accomplish the goals. 2. Intelligence Tony Fernandes was an intelligence leader. He had superior ability to analyze a variety of opportunities and alternatives. He had a good vision of the future because he was exploited the markets opportunities well. AirAsias vision is to be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. (AirAsia Corparate Profile, 2012) Although the context was not very beneficial to enter the market, but Tony Fernandas chose to take the risk. He believed that he and his management team were able to analyze and manage the opportunities and alternatives with their intelligence. For example, Tony Fernandes had used his intelligence and finally transformed AirAsia from a heavily-indebted subsidiary into an industry player. Besides that, Tony Fernandes had started a hotel chain, Tune Hotels which is based on the no-frills concept by using his intelligence. He had involved in different industry in the marketplace. 3. Knowledge of the business Tony Fernandes had the knowledge about the business and companys environment which can enable him to make more intuitive decisions. For example, Tony Fernandes was the first person who entered the market segment of low costs and no frills. He did not take risks only by taking over AirAsia, but also in its drastic changes. Since the creation, he continually brought a lot of innovative concepts, such as, booking services for hostels, travel insurance, online booking and check-in, car rental, holiday products, credit card or medical care. He also deeply changed the business model of the airline company which is choosing a low-cost and no-frills strategy and moved down the value chain. Throughout the changes that had made by Tony Fernandes, we believe that Tony Fernandes had enough knowledge about the business. With this knowledge, he was able to achieve companys objectives and goals. 4. Drive Tony Fernandes was a leader who motivates and drives his employees (Allstars) to pursue their goals and encourage them to move forward with him. In AirAsia, Tony Fernandes had tried to introduce something in the management philosophy, where he wants people to pursue their dreams, pursue their passion. For example, Tony Fernandess childhood dreams included running an airline, owning an English football club and an owning Formula One racing team. (Tony Fernandes, 2012) Thus, Tony Fernandes decided to achieve and fulfill his dream by buying an existing airline and started to transform it into an industry player. At the same time, Tony Fernandes also encourage his employees (Allstars) to pursue their passion and drive them to move toward the goals. He had created an environment where people can learn, grow and do what turns them on. Because of this, employees were being motivated by Tony Fernandes and they started to pursue their goals together with Tony Fernandes. Transformational leadership 1. Create a strategic vision Tony Fermandes is a chief executive officer or director AirAsia Berhad and he is transformational leader because the business model of the airasia are changed by him which is Now everyone can fly a low-cost and no-frills strategy and moved down the value chain. It also has successful swiftly broken travel norms around the globe and has risen to become the best of the world. Tony Fermandes mortgaged his home and sank his savings to invest Airasia Company (Alesia Sion, 2012). Tony Fermandes have develop strategic vision of the company to which is Airasia be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares. As we know that, nowadays many airplane companies come out different strategies to make their company better than competitors so he has create a good vision for doing their business once he takeover the company. Form the year 2004, Airasia had achieved the low-cost airline awards is the low cost airline in the world. It proved that he successful to accomplish his company vision. 2. Communicate the vision Next, Tony Fermandes work hard to create an environment where employees can learn, grow and do what they should do in company. He also encourages employees to pursue their passions love their jobs at AirAsia based on their environment. Besides that, the nice quoted part every month he spends a day as a baggage-handler; every two months, a day as a cabin crew; every three months, a day as a check-in clerk (Shashank Nigam, 2009) to describe he always change jobs to get experience with different department. He also established a culture department to pass the message and hold parties. The workplace are different the traditional hierarchal Asian population which open plan workplace so that all employees can meet him by anytime. 3. Model the vision He also modeled the vision of the company which is to prove that he not only talks also enacts it to let everyone fly by providing low-cost airfares. Furthermore, the CEO Airasia Tony fernandes personal credo is dream the impossible, believe the unbelievable, and never take no for an answer. There was a real example which is started AirAsia Thailand, Tony was asked by a women about she wanna be a pilot, then tony replied that if she qualify he will hire her as a pilot. Lastly, she did and became a first officer and subsequently now she is a full-time captain and flying in the plane (Chris Forrest Harvey, 2012). This show that he let everyone can fly and also let everyone have the opportunity to become his workers help them to achieve their own dreams. 4. Build commitment toward the vision Lastly, Tony fernandes build commitment toward vision which transforms the vision in reality. He desire to start low-cost airline company then he has create the good vision of the company to let everyone can fly in reality. Therefore, AirAsia keep promote promotion package with low prices for customers to enjoy low prices fly to different places. AirAsia fares are significantly lower than those other airline service providers, websites fares also cheaper than frontline counter price and having free seats promotion to give the customers opportunity to enjoy and also for those who cannot afford the prices. It is to accomplish the vision everyone can fly in reality. Besides that, He break down hierarchy to encourage employees to speak out and breaking down walls for example he sit with his employees in an open floor plan and also let his contact number to his employees so they can just call, e-mail and SMS him directly and solve it quickly which do not need go through any department. Ev en the lowest ranking officers also can have his phone number to contact him directly which means he treats everyone as equal and willing to commit to their needs (Shashank Nigam, 2009). Disadvantages One main issue in related with Air Asia in leadership in organizational settings in which the competency perspective of Tony Fernandes may have several limitations. The leadership that Tony Fernandes applied might assume that the same personal characteristics are equally important in all situations. This may be false assumption as this perspective is too complex to have universal list of traits to apply to every conditions. Other than Air Asia, Tony Fernandes is the chairman for the Queens Park Rangers Football Club. Tony Fernandes keeps defend the football club with his own competency perspective that QPR football club that the club can overcome their conflict. This shows that Tony Fernandes had used the same personal characteristics equally in all situations whether in Air Asia or the QPR football club. The second limitations would be that the leadership Tony Fernandes has might influence only peoples perception that someone is leader, not whether Tony Fernandes makes a difference to the organizations success. This perspective only shows Tony Fernandess leadership potential instead of leadership performance. Therefore, it doesnt shows that the effectiveness of Tony Fernandess leadership compares to other perspective of leadership. One issue we can see that in the Air Asia wordpress showed that Tony Fernandes had cheated on the price of the shares of Air Asia. But then it was found out by the Australians effective enforcement that Melboure Federal Court imposed a huge fine of Aussie dollars 300,00 on Air Asia and Air Asia X for this misleading website information cheating its customers concealing charges of taxes. Why does this issue happen? It is simply because the dropping by the angry customers whore also the shareholders that would not trust anymore on Tony Fernandez and Air Asia over their scamming businesses deals and unfair deals to the customers. As for transformational leadership applies by Tony Fernandes, it can be only mention in general that leaders that are transformational when they successfully bring out the change, rather than when they engage in certain behaviors we call transformational. Therefore without the success done by Tony Fernandes towards the vision of Air Asia, Tony Fernandes would not be entitled of this perspective leadership. 3.0 RECOMMENDATION Competency perspective of leadership A company can achieve success if the leader can execute that the competencies that is difficult for others to replicate. In this competency perspective of leadership, Tony should organize a team to identify new directions or actions for the whole management. Besides that, he should often organize a meeting of the employee to discuss and clarify what they will need to do differently as a result of changes in the company. Problem solving or decision making process with the management team will be another alternative for Tony to have a better competency perspective of leadership. Emotional intelligence is an important skill that a leader required to influence his/her employee to perform well in their job. Therefore, Tony should have a good management for his emotional to prevent a conflict with his employee or having a wrong perspective decision due when his emotional level is low. Good leaders know their strengths and limitations, so they able to control their emotions and behaviors. Thus, Tony needs to strive for his personal development by engaging in continuous learning. Based on the learning, Tony should be able to adapt to stressful situations and be able to maintain a balance between his work and non-work lives. Lastly, Tony should have a leadership to maximize the potential of others and motivate them to attain shared goals. He must be able to manage individual and group performance with an understanding of group dynamics and team building. Tony needs to provide the drive for his employees to make them have better work performances. He should be understanding and be empathic toward individuals emotions and be able to resolve conflicts in a respectful manner. One of the ways to motivate the employee is to create a slogan of company to improve mutual relationship between company and employees. Besides that, Tony should play as a role model with competency attributes for his employees, and that will create a drive to make them set Tony Fernandes as a target to surpass. Transformational leadership Transformational leaders have the capability to successfully achieve the objective because of four attributes which including charisma, the ability to provide inspirational motivation, the ability to stimulate intellectually, and the ability to offer individualized consideration. According to Barnerji and Krishnan (as citied in Kasturi, 2012) a good transformational leader must possess the ability of articulating a convincing and realistic vision and focus others towards a new critical path. In certain circumstances, a company may need to be redesigned to support the whole transformational leadership. As we know, create a strategic vision is a fundamental element of a transformational leader to become successful. Tony Fernandes need to create and communicate his vision thus stimulate discussions with his subordinates. For example, he may run brainstorming meetings with the subordinates to present new organizational models. With this, the employees will be more understand on the company objectives and to have better job performances. Charisma is another important component to which a leader to behaves in commendable ways that cause employees to identify with the leader. Tony also needs to be a role model for their followers with having a clear set of values and demonstrating them in every decision. The leader and followers must build a mutual trust between each other on a solid moral and ethical foundation (Covey, 2007). Besides that, the leader must create an inspirational motivation for the employees as the motivation is appealing and inspiring to employees. For example, Tony Fernandes can communicate optimism about future goals with his employees to provide a motivation for them to perform better in the work field. It is important that this visionary aspect of leadership be supported by communication skills that allow the leader to articulate his vision with precision and power in a convincing and persuasive way. Therefore, a good communication skill is required to complete this element of being a transformational leader. Furthermore, Tony should acts as a mentor or instructor to the employee and listens to their apprehensions and needs. Tony can encompass the need to respect and celebrate with the employees for their individual contribution for the company. Tony can reward to those contributed employees for their good performance in job, this can motivate the employee to have a better commitment on their job. This way not only educates the next generation of leaders, but also fulfills the individuals need for self-actualization, self-fulfillment, and self-worth. It also naturally propels followers to further achievement and growth. According to Burns (as citied in Arachchi, 2012), it show that transformational leader as reflecting the traits and behaviors are required for initiating change. These leaders need to identify themselves as change agents and take responsibility for transformation. Generally, they are risk takers and courageous, believe in and trust people, have a clear values in motivation. In other words, Tony needs to deal with complexity, ambiguity and uncertainty and share his vision with the employees. To fulfill this element, Tony should show his confidence of taking risk in doing business and prove to his employees that he has the ability to do so. With that, the employees will be influenced by his leadership and help the company to achieve the goal. Recommendations Other Relevant Theory Other than competency and transformational perspective leadership, there is another theory that can be applied by Tony Fernandes to solve the problem which is implicit leadership perspective. The competency and transformational leadership perspectives make the basic assumption that leaders make a difference. However, leadership also involves followers perception about the characteristics and behaviors of a leader. This perceptual perspective of leadership is collectively called implicit leadership theory (Steven L. McShane, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). According to the implicit leadership theory, everyone has leadership prototypes which they use to evaluate the leaders effectiveness. Employees are more willing to allow someone to influence them as a leader if that person looks and acts like their prototype of a leader. Tony Fernandes should possess a good leadership prototype as he is the CEO of Airasia. These prototypes can be developed through socialization within the family and society, shape employees expectations and acceptance of others as leader, and this in turn affects employees willingness to serve as followers. Such leadership prototypes not only support Tony Fernandess role as a leader, they also form employees perception of the leaders effectiveness. If Tony Fernandes acts consistently with employees prototypes, they are more likely to believe that he is an effective leader. Besides that, as mentioned earlier, the leadership that Tony Fernandes applied might assume that the same personal characteristics are equally important in all situations, but this may be false assumption as this perspective is too complex to have universal list of traits to apply to every conditions. Therefore, the contingency perspective of leadership plays an important role to help Tony Fernandes to solve the problem. The contingency perspective of leadership is based on the idea that most appropriate leadership style depends on the situation. It assumes that effective leaders must be both insightful and flexible (Steven L. McShane, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). Tony Fernandes should put efforts to choose and enact different styles to match the uncertainty situation. Moreover he must have high emotional intelligence so that he can diagnose the circumstances and match his behaviors accordingly. 4.0 CONCLUSION The studied prove that there are two leadership theories have been implementing in the company, AirAsia: competency perspective of leadership and transformational leadership. There are seven dimensions has been found in competency perspective of leadership such as emotional intelligence, integrity, drive, leadership motivation, self-confidence, intelligence and knowledge of the business. However, Tony Fernandes only apply leadership motivation, intelligence, drive and knowledge of business in his business. Emotional intelligence and drive are recommended implement to the business to prevent the conflict with the employees and to increase the team performance. For the transformational leadership, it emphasizes to create a strategic vision, communicate the vision, modeling and build commitment toward the vision. In this case, Tony Fernandes has successfully applied all the four dimensions of the transformational leadership in the business. In the recommendation part, the need to create and communicate vision thus stimulate discussion with subordinates is a must to Tony Fernandes. He also need to create an inspirational motivation for the employees and communicate with employees will help them perform better in their work field. Hence, a good communication skill is required to being a transformational leader. Besides that, Tony needs to deal with complexity, ambiguity and uncertainty and also share his vision with the employees to influence them perform well to achieve the goal. There are some points can be identified and apply to other relevant theory, for example, implicit leadership theory. Implicit leadership theory emphasize the importance of involves followers perception about the characteristics and behaviors of the leader. And this point not mentioned in the competency and transformational leadership theories.

Kodak Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eastman Kodak Eastman Kodak went through a considerable transformation change since it was founded. The organization structure at Eastman Kodak was a typical classical hierarchy with the CEO overlooking the entire organization. Later in 1984, the company went through a transformation change in which it was reorganized into 29 separate business units grouped into four lines of business. It included Photography (PPG), Commercial and Imaging Group (CIG), Chemicals (EC), and Health (HG) and three international segments. Each group operated under its own general manager. Later again in 1988, Eastman Kodak launched an Information Systems Department (ISD) which was responsible for development of business applications and management of small-scale computer network operations. After going through change management organization, Eastman Kodak made alliances with IBM, DEC and Business Land. The new organization consisted of three distinct organization entities: Kodak’s Corporate IS organization; Kodak’s Business Group/ Business Unit IS organizations and the Alliance organization. The strategic stand during the transformation change at the beginning was focused on downsizing its business core units by cutting employment by 10%. Cutting costs was also a priority as they moved to outsourcing of some of its business processes, especially in the IT area if it met its core function of the company or if there was value in it. ISD was responsible for management of large data centers and voice and data communications. Eastman Kodak had its own IT management department that supported services that were not outsourced. The type of culture that existed at Eastman Kodak was also transformed significantly. The major change was when part of its business processes was outsourced to other companies because employees had to adapt to whole new environment even though it was not a total change. Employees that had worked for Eastman Kodak for years are the ones that may have been affected most because they probably were used to the hierarchical type of leadership. I think organization structure is the one that must have had an impact on other elements like IT because mainly after outsourcing some of its services. It meant that whatever decision these other element make or change, they had to consider the new allied division so to make sure its strategies a... ...asing a pc for a Kodak end user. The advice I would give Hudson concerning long-term management of Eastman Kodak’s networked IS organization is that she would want to consider automating the business processes with the Alliance organizations if they plan on outsourcing their services for over a long period of time. The benefit would be cost reduction time wise and faster service and product to customers. Some of the processes I noted are used on their websites (www.kodak.com), for example, delivering pictures to customers through email. I think, as a company grows bigger, like Eastman Kodak has, its business processes become complex, and in this case, its complexity includes outsourced services. I think Eastman Kodak can benefit from this and so can the allied partners. An example is given in the case over service deliver process in which it says, â€Å"a Kodak end user acquiring a personal computer from Business Land had to contact not only Business Land but also IBM to establish a mainframe account, and DEC to install network connections.† I think there are processes that have not been realized yet that can be supported by an automated system but can only be realized as time passes.

Marijuana and College Students Essay -- Marijuana Students Pot

Marijuana and College Students Marijuana may control the way people act, think, and even hurt their college academics. Marijuana is one of the most popular used drugs in America ranking about third after tobacco and alcohol. Marijuana is a substance that has become very much a part of American culture; many college students have either used it occasionally or regularly. With that in mind, I thought it would be interesting to find out about students at Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) and their use of marijuana. In fact most students might not even know what they are smoking and what exactly makes them feel the way they do. Exactly what is marijuana? Marijuana is made of the dried leaves and flowers of the female cannabis sativa plant, and looks like oregano. There are many different marijuana preparations that are widely used to obtain effects. It can be either smoked or taken by mouth. Marijuana can be smoked in the form of a hand-rolled cigarette ("joint" or "reefer") it is also smoked in a variety of pipes. Hashish (hash) is a dried-caked resin from the flowers and leaves of the plant. It is sold in chunks and cubes, and its color range from light brown to black. Hashish is often blended with tobacco and smoked. It is more potent than marijuana because it contains a higher concentration of THC. THC is the main ingredient in all cannabis preparations. The more THC cannabis contains, the stronger it is. The effects of marijuana are similar to alcohol intoxication. Small amounts can make you relaxed and generally less inhibited yet some users say that it enhances the experiences of music, food and sex. After hearing all about how college students feel about marijuana I wanted to find out for myself, so... ...re lighting up next time. Maybe they will wonder just what harm they have done to their body already. Many people that smoke marijuana have the effects that are discussed in this paper. It can plainly be seen, their lack of motivation and kind of "spacey ness" that is commonly associated with marijuana smoking. I often wonder what these people would be like if they stopped their use and allowed themselves to rid their body of the drug and its by-products. Marijuana use is still very popular throughout the United States, and the fact that people are not educated enough about its effects is very detrimental. These people are hurting themselves, and they don't know (and many just don't care) what they are doing to their bodies. If marijuana use continues to grow too much, we may have a country of unmotivated people, with many more health problems. Where will we be then?

Merck’s Risky Bet on Research

While Kenneth Frazier worked liability suits for Merck, he caught the company’s attention and they hired him in 1992. By 1999 Frazier was appointed Merck’s general counsel. Merck saw that Frazier had several good personality traits and values that would benefit their organization. Kenneth Frazier is a very hard-working man and has been taught not to fail and to push himself to excellence. Frazier has always pushed himself to always do better, he has never just settled. Frazier likes to take risks to see how far he can push himself and to see what he can accomplish. Frazier has a very high self-esteem and a need for achievement. Under the five big personality traits, Frazier best fits under openness to experience. He is willing to take risks and is daring and open minded. I believe one of the most important terminal values to Frazier is a sense of accomplishment. Even though, there are several terminal values that I believe are important to Frazier, I feel this is the most important. Frazier lost his mother at a very young age and was raised by his hard-working father. His father taught him to work equally as hard and to always strive for excellence. Frazier believes that at work he should never back down and always strive for more, and that you must work hard to accomplish everything you want. This especially showed when Merck found their drug Vioxx was doubling the risk of heart attach and strokes and Frazier fought each case instead of taking the easy way out and negotiating settlements. Frazier won 11 of the 16 cases. Frazier was determined to win and he did. Frazier gets pleasure from achieving his goals and enjoys the social recognition that he gets by winning his cases. Instrumental values are just as important as terminal values. The most instrumental value that stands out in Frazier is his ambition. Frazier is not only hard working but understands what it takes to achieve his goals. A few of the other instrumental values that I feel are important to Frazier are being responsible, polite, and daring. Working as a litigator or in management you will not always be liked. At times people will go against you and not agree with what you are doing. Frazier is daring as he goes against others but when he must go against others he does it respectfully and politely so he can get others to take his side and agree with him. Frazier has some very important personality traits that will help him influence Merck’s culture in his role as CEO. Frazier’s openness to experience gives him the ability to have an open mind and the ability to take risk that will allow him to move the company forward. Frazier also has the ability as CEO to mentor other managers to achieve the company’s goals. After watching Frazier handle some of Merck’s liability suites, the company decided that Frazier would be a valuable asset. Merck could see that Frazier had some very important personality traits that could benefit their company.

Key aspects of legislation Essay

For example: Having a training session in a room only accessible by stairs would discriminate against a person with difficulty walking due to disability or age. Unnecessarily strict dress codes could discriminate against a person who wears a turban, hijab or sari. In most cases, such inadvertent discrimination could be avoided by ensuring that full details of any requirements are obtained at registration. It is vital that the reasonable adjustments required by the student are available right from the start, if possible without the student having to ask for them. This will enable that student to participate at the same level as their peers, without drawing specific attention to their additional requirements. A teacher would also need to be on guard to ensure that no deliberate or accidental discrimination took place between students, such as sexism or racism, even in jest. One way of addressing this is to have the students themselves develop and agree to a code of conduct from the start. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 This Act is concerned with securing the â€Å"health, safety and welfare of persons at work† (Health and Safety Act 1974) as well as protecting other people in connection with the activities of the person at work (for example, students). Some examples of this might include: Ensuring that electrical equipment is tested and safe before use Ensuring that there are no trailing wires which may cause a trip hazard Ensuring the teaching space is safe and suitable before the students arrive Checking any materials for possible hazards, such as risk of allergic reaction Carrying out and maintaining a risk assessment. Other legislation and codes of conduct to be mindful of include: Child Protection Guidelines – although my area of interest is with teaching adults, it is feasible that I would come into contact with children under 16 professionally Data Protection Act 1998 – I would need to ensure that all personal data held on my students was stored accordingly Freedom of Information Act 2000 – this legislation may apply should I be employed by a public body Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 – for example, the use of photographs downloaded from the internet and used in training materials Specific codes of conduct issued by employers. References www.legislation.gov.uk Last accessed:12th May 2014

Community Project Management – Neighbourhood Statistics

————————————————- Contents Page 2 – Summary, Introduction and Methodology Page 3 – Demographic profile: Page 3- People and health based statistics Page 6 – Employment statistics Page 7 – Education statistics Page 8 – Findings and discussions Page 9 – Recommendations and conclusion Page 10 – References Page 11 – Appendices SummaryA Demographic profile (refer to appendices) of the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighbourhood (refer to appendices for definition) has been done and from this a social need (appendices) in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighbourhood has been highlighted, and an appropriate community project has been implemented to meet the demands of the neighbourhoods social need. IntroductionAs a community development consultant, I have been commissioned on behalf of a coalition of community groups, to highlight a social need in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighbourhood by building a demographical profile from using reliable statistical evidence which gives this information. From the demographical profile the characteristics of the neighbourhood can be indicated and a proposed community project will be put into place to tackle the social need of the neighbourhood.People, health, education and employment statistics have been researched and implemented into the report to build a profile of the problems within the neighbourhood Methodology To find the appropriate statistics and information, in depth research has be done on the neighbourhood statistics website at www. neighbourhood. statistics. gov. uk, from this website statistics on health, education and people can be analysed to give information needed. People based statistics are important to give an indication of the size and population of the neighbourhood; health based statistics indicate the health f the neighbourhood; work statistic s indicates the employment in the area and education statistics gives an indication of the educational achievement in the neighbourhood. Demographical profile This demographic profile covers statistics on the Newcastle under Lyme 006E ST57PE neighborhood. People based statistics Mid-2010 population estimates Variable| Measure| Your neighbourhood | Your area | All People | Count| 1,628| 8,026| Males | Count| 815| 3,980| Females | Count| 813| 4,046| | In total there are 1628 people in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood. 15 of these people are males and 813 of these people are females. Percentage of people in each age band in your neighbourhood, mid-2010 The largest age band is age 25 – 49 followed by 0 – 15 with 16 – 24 and 50 – 64 being the smallest age band. Health based statistics Life expectancy at birth, 2007 – 2009 Males of the neighborhood are expected to live until the age of 75 and females are expected to live until the age of 83. Bo th males and females life expectancy is lower than the national life expectancy. The national life expectancy for males is 78 and females are expected to live until the age of 82.Both males and females of the neighborhood are not expected to live as long as the national percentage. Infant Mortality, 2008 – 2010 Variable| Measure| Your neighbourhood | Newcastle-under-Lyme | England | Deaths at age under 1 year, per 1000 live births | Rate| n/a| 8. 7| 4. 4| | | | There isn’t a measure for infant mortality in my neighborhood however for my area infant mortality is nearly double the rate of the national infant mortality rate. This is a terrible statistic and an indication of bad health in the Newcastle under Lyme area. Children's health In 2007 9. % of newborn babies in Newcastle-under-Lyme local authority weighed below 2500 grams, and were classified as low birth weight. The average for England was 7. 2%. this is an indicator of bad health in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E nieghbourhood. Children's weight, 2010 – 2011 Variable| Measure| Your neighbourhood | Newcastle-under-Lyme | England | Overweight children in reception year | %| n/a| 12. 3| 13. 2| Obese children in reception year | %| n/a| 9. 4| 9. 4| Overweight children in year 6 | %| n/a| 14. 6| 14. 4| Obese children in year 6 | %| n/a| 19. 2| 19. 0| |There is no measure here for children’s weight in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood so these statistics are based on Newcastle under Lyme. The stats show that there isn’t a problem in overweight or obese children in reception year as the percentage is lower than that of the national percentage of overweight children in England and equal to that of obese children in England. However, children’s weight is a problem in Newcastle under Lyme as the percentage of overweight and obese children are both higher than the national percentage. People's health, April 2001Variable| Measure| Your neighbourhood | Newcastle-unde r-Lyme | England | Good | %| 60. 8| 66. 1| 68. 8| Fairly Good | %| 24. 5| 23. 3| 22. 2| Not Good | %| 14. 7| 10. 6| 9. 0| | The people of the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood in terms of good health are below the national percentage for good health. The people of the neighborhood in terms of fairly good health are higher than the national percentage for fairly good health The people of the neighborhood in terms of not good health are above the national percentage for not good health. There re too many people with bad health and too little people with good health indicating bad health in the neighborhood. Long term illness, April 2001 Variable| Measure| Your neighbourhood | Newcastle-under-Lyme | England | People with a limiting long-term illness | %| 25. 3| 20. 8| 17. 9| People of working age with a limiting long-term illness | %| 22. 0| 15. 5| 13. 3| | The percentage of people in neighborhood with a limiting long term illness is above the national percentage and also the perc entage of people of a working age with a limiting long term illness is above the national percentage.Carers, April 2001 Variable| Measure| Your neighbourhood | Newcastle-under-Lyme | England | People providing unpaid care | %| 10. 0| 11. 6| 9. 9| †¦ of which percentage providing over 50 hours per week | %| 33. 3| 20. 4| 20. 5| | Both of these percentages are higher in the neighborhood than the national percentage and the second statistic is more than 50% higher than national percentage. There are more carers in the neighborhood than the national percentage and there are twice as many people providing over 50hours per week. People claiming health-related benefits, August 2010Variable| Measure| Your neighbourhood | Newcastle-under-Lyme | England | Incapacity Benefits | %| 12| 8| 7| Carers Allowance | %| 3| 1| 1| Disabled | %| 2| 1| 1| | All 3 of these statistics are higher than the national percentage. Employment based statistics Benefits claimants as percentage of working age po pulation, August 2010 Variable| Measure| Your neighbourhood | Newcastle-under-Lyme | England | Any Key Working Age Benefit | %| 25| 15| 15| Jobseeker's Allowance | %| 5| 3| 4| Incapacity Benefits | %| 12| 8| 7| | | | These neighborhood statistics are higher than the national percentage.This shows that too many people of a working age are out of work. Occupations of all people in employment, April 2001 Variable| Measure| Your neighbourhood | Newcastle-under-Lyme | England | Managers and senior officials | %| 6. 1| 13. 0| 15. 3| Professional occupations | %| 4. 5| 9. 7| 11. 2| Associate professional and technical occupations | %| 8. 1| 11. 6| 13. 8| Administrative and secretarial occupations | %| 10. 1| 11. 2| 13. 4| Skilled trades occupations | %| 17. 7| 14. 1| 11. 6| Personal service occupations | %| 8. 1| 7. 0| 6. 9| Sales and customer service occupations | %| 8. | 8. 0| 7. 7| Process; plant and machine operatives | %| 16. 6| 11. 9| 8. 4| Elementary occupations | %| 20. 6| 13. 4| 1 1. 8| | | | These statistics show that the majority of people in employment in neighborhood are in Elementary occupations. The next largest occupation group is the skilled trades occupation followed by personal service occupations and sales and customer service occupations. All of these occupations in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood are above the national percentage for people of that occupation within a neighborhood.On the other hand the rest of the occupations are lower than the national percentage. Not many people in the neighborhood fall into the top 4 occupations which are the more educated occupations. Either indicating the people are not well educated Education based statistics Key Stage 2 assessments: pupils achieving Level 4 or above, 2010 – 2011 Variable| Measure| Your neighbourhood | Newcastle-under-Lyme | England | English | %| 70| 84| 81| Maths | %| n/a| 80| 80| Reading, writing and maths | %| 48| 69| 67| | | | | | | | |The statistic for maths is not d isplayed however the other 2 statistics that are shown are below the national percentage which indicates the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood is not so good in key stage 2 education At Key Stage 4 it is usual for pupils to take GCSEs (General Certificates of Secondary Education) or equivalent qualifications. Pupils achieving 5 or more A*-C grade passes, including English and Maths, at GCSE or equivalent, 2010 – 2011 Variable| Measure| Your neighbourhood | Newcastle-under-Lyme | England | All pupils | %| 50| 61| 58| Males | %| 27| 56| 55| Females | %| 67| 67| 62| |In the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood males are significantly below the national average for achieving 5 GCSEs at C or above where as females are above the national average indicating that males are underachieving at key stage 4 Findings The above statistics give a clear demographic profile of the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood. The neighborhoods largest age band (35%) of people in the neighborh ood is between the age of 25 and 49. The health of the neighborhood is poor and particularly the weight of people is not good as many babies are born underweight and a lot of children are overweight or obese.Also a large percentage of people suffer a long term illness. The neighborhood is not a good place for employment 75% of the people are of a working age and only 25% of these are employed so 302. 25 people out of a possible 1221. 25 are employed. The national percentage for unemployment is 15% and this neighborhood is at 25% unemployed the education achievement of the neighborhood is below the national percentage indicating that the schools are not of a good standard. There’s a link between the poor educational achievement and unemployment.If people don’t have qualifications they are less likely to be employed and this is why employment is high Discussion There are many social needs in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighbourhood. One particular area of social need that needs addressing for definite is the education sector. In the Newcastle under Lyme area in terms of education, particularly males are underachieving at key stage 4. After carefully assessing the of educational achievement within the neighbourhood it is apparent that this sector is substandard compared to national percentage.At key stage 2, both male and female students are underachieving. Only 70% of the students are achieving level 4 in English compared to the national average of 81%; only 48% of students are achieving a level 4 or above in reading, writing and maths; and in key stage 4 only 27% of male students achieved 5 GCSEs grade C or above which, compared to the national percentage of 55% is very poor. With this information at hand I intend to carry out a community project which will attempt to take steps in order to try to improve this area of social need.John Blanchard explains â€Å"Reasons for underachievement include disruption to family routine, illness, emotional and psychological difficulties, loss or lack of motivation and direction. † (www. teachingexpertise. com accessed online on 05/12/12) The health of the neighbourhood is poor so illness can be seen as a factor which may be causing students to underachieve in education however in this community project, the main focus is on educational achievement.The lack of motivation aspect could be down to the fact that the students do not believe that education is of a benefit to them. The reason students may think this is because to receive a higher education a large amount of money is required to pay tuition fees etc. The nidirect website explains â€Å"Higher education could boost your career prospects and earning potential, while giving you the chance to study into a subject that really interests you – and to get involved in lots of other activities. † (www. nidirect. gov. uk/ accessed online on 05/12/12. Higher education is of great benefit to people and many students ar e missing out on this opportunity because they are aware of high university fees and not as aware of the benefits a university education can give to a person. Referring to the demographic profile of the neighbourhood, not many people of working age are in an educated occupancy this may be down to poor education. If the people of the neighbourhood are educated well then they will have access to better and more jobs. This will also decrease the amount of people unemployed.Recommendations and Conclusion The results show a need to improve educational achievement so that people can go on to study in higher education and make their selves more employable. A project to improve educational achievement will be put into place to so that people can get employed The project will involve the 3 surrounding universities: Staffordshire university: Keele university and MMU Cheshire acting as stakeholders in the project. Also the project will include the higher education funding council for England a s a stakeholder. HEFCE distributes public money for higher education to universities and colleges in England, and ensures that this money is used to deliver the greatest benefit to students and the wider public. † (www. hefce. ac. uk, accessed online on 07/12/12) working with these two organizations the project will be based around school students regularly visiting the universities, around 3 times per year throughout high school. On these visits the school students will be encouraged, motivated and directed to achieve better GCSE results by giving reasons and benefits for a higher education.This will involve Universities selecting students to promote universities, and talk to school students about their experiences at university and the benefits it has given them. The school students will then be aware that the fees are not as much of a hindrance to them as they may have first thought but in fact a minor cost that will benefit them for life. This project will be called Ã¢â‚¬Ë œLearn to live better’ as the aim is to get people educated so that they can get employed and live better It is highly recommended that the project is funded by HEFCE to sustain the school links with universities.If the project isn’t funded for then the project won’t be sustained and unemployment will rise again If education is improved and more students can go on to study in higher education and achieve a degree, these people will have a much better chance of employment and will acquire the knowledge and skills to improve social capital. People having a higher education have a deeper understanding and knowledge of society and from this they become more active e. g. ducated people will get frustrated with problems that arise in the community and because they know how to address these problems and who to talk to about them, problems get dealt with therefore the social capital of the community grows as the people are networking more to better the neighbourhood. â €Å"The nature of the networks within particular place or grouping is, thus, of fundamental importance when making judgments about ‘communities’ – and the extent to which people can flourish within them. Humans are social animals.Connection and interaction both widen and deepen what we can achieve, and makes possible our individual character. It may even emerge as ‘communion† (www. infed. org accessed 05/12/12) seeing the people of a community networking, flourishing and becoming communions will indicate whether the social capital of my community has increased. It’s important to measure capital because this is how it will be known that the project is actually working Once the community begins to develop and a good social capital is achieved, capacity building can then occur.When the neighbourhood has this capacity to perform functions with people and organizations by itself, this is when the community project can be seen as a success. Referenc es Neighbourhood statistics (census 2011) (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http://www. neighbourhood. statistics. gov. uk/dissemination/ John Blanchard (2007) Motivating underachievers: techniques and tactics (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http://www. teachingexpertise. com/articles/motivating-underachievers-techniques-and-tactics-3002 The benefits of higher education (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http://www. idirect. gov. uk/the-benefits-of-higher-education About HEFCE (2012) (online) accessed on 07/12/12 http://www. hefce. ac. uk/about/ Community (2012) (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http://www. infed. org/community/community. htm UNDP (2006) Capacity development practice note (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http://www. gsdrc. org/go/display&type=Document&id=1870 What is capacity building and why is it needed? (2012) (online) accessed on 07/12/12 http://www. councilofnonprofits. rg/capacity-building/what-capacity-building About community development (2012) (online) accessed on 05/12/12 h ttp://www. cdf. org. uk/content/about-cdf/about-community-development What is demography (2012) (online) accessed on 07/12/12 http://www. suda. su. se/docs/What%20is%20Demography. pdf What is a demographic profile (2012) (online) accessed on 07/12/12 http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-demographic-profile. htm Neighbourhoods and regeneration – theory, practice, issues (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http://www. infed. rg/community/neighbourhoods_and_regeneration. htm Guide to social capital (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http://www. ons. gov. uk/ons/guide-method/user-guidance/social-capital-guide/the-social-capital-project/guide-to-social-capital. html Business studies: stakeholders (2012) (online) accessed on 07/12/12 http://www. bbc. co. uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/environment/stakeholders1. shtml Appendices â€Å"Capacity is the ability of individuals, institutions and societies to perform functions, solve problems and set and achieve objectives in a sustainable mannerà ¢â‚¬  (www. sdrc. org, 2006 accessed online on 05/12/12) Capacity building – â€Å"capacity building refers to activities that improve and enhance a nonprofit’s ability to achieve its mission and sustain itself over time. † (www. councilofnonprofits. org, 2012 accessed online on 07/12/12) Community development – â€Å"Community development is a set of values and practices which plays a special role in overcoming poverty and disadvantage, knitting society together at the grass roots and deepening democracy† (The community development challenge p. 12). † (www. cdf. org. k, 2012 accessed online on 05/12/12) Demography – â€Å"Demography is the study of human populations – their size, composition and distributio across place – and the process through which populations change. † (www. suda. su. se, 2012 accessed online on 07/12/12) Demographic profile – â€Å"A demographic profile is a business tool that identi fies several characteristics when companies attempt to define a market segment. Common characteristics in the profile include age, sex, income, household size and education† (www. wisegeek. com, 2012 accessed online on 07/12/12) Need – A working definition of need draws on

Any aspect of lactation in the muskrat

The secretion of milk from mammary glands in the process of feeding their young is characteristic of all mammals. The muskrat, an amphibious rodent that is mostly aquatic is no different (Colby 1967).Its name is derived from scent glands otherwise known as musk within their bodies. This scent is vital in their communication while mating or defending their territory. Muskrats can be found in water bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds or marshes with at least not less than 4 feet and not exceeding 6 feet. Marshes are however the most suitable habitat for muskrats.Descriptive FactsOn average a muskrat has a length of about 2 feet and weighing close to 3 pounds. Its eyes are small and the ears hidden in the fur (Cyril 1984). Its lips are fleshy and furred such that it can gnaw with its incisors while underwater without water sipping in its mouth. Its short legs and small forefeet ensure that it grabs objects.The grip is further enhanced by a large hind feet with strongly clawed toes (Banf ield, 1974). The muskrat can be easily tracked by its tail which accompanies the track made by the foot. Its color can be black, grey, white or albino though the commonest is the mahogany color with tawny or grey under parts. The Cree Indians referred to this creature as â€Å"Musquash† due to a pungent smell noticeable in the mating season (Colby, 1967).Way of lifeMuskrats are mainly nocturnal and since most of their time is spent in water these little creatures are excellent swimmers. On average a muskrat can spend up to fifteen minutes under water. They use their tail and hind feet as propellers and rudder respectively. Due to the waterproof fur, muskrats can remain submerged for about 3 minutes. The underbelly fur adjusts easily to the seasons. In the warm seasons it is pale and becomes darker as the cold season approaches.Just like most mammals muskrats live in family units and are aggressive in defending their home territory. Normally, the home environment is approximat ely 65 yards. The area population densities vary from 3 to 4 animals per acre to about 35 per acre.The muskrats face the threats of a number of predators both inside the water and on land. The most serious and notable predator is the mink. During the spring these predators are notorious since the muskrats are on the move whereas the young are confined in the dens. Other predators include the snapping turtle, foxes, wolves, black bear and some birds that kill the muskrats when out in the open marshes.Muskrats live in well plastered mud houses constructed on bulrushes. The houses are either built on a stump or on a log. The location is normally close to deep water, about 4 feet above water level or at the edge of a vegetation cover.The area should not be one that faces drastic water level changes though the year. This is to ensure that the young are offered with enough protection for the muskrats since they face threats from the predators. However, in most cases the homes are usually destroyed in spring as a result of flooding.The Muskrat’s DietThe muskrat has two kinds of diet that are favored either during summer or winter. To a greater extend muskrats are herbivores but in case of scarcity they do predate on other animals. In the summer season there is plenty of food, mostly emergent vegetation such as water lily, bulrush and arrowhead (Barker, 1987).This diet is well balanced with animal matter which include; small turtles, frogs, catfish and salamanders. The winter food is usually limited since much food is not stored in summer. The submerged vegetation that wholly meets the diet of the muskrats comprises water weed, water lily tuber, and pondweeds.

Drug Abuse- a Menace to the Society

Drug Abuse is a serious issue affecting all sections of the society, Irrespective whether they are Young/Old, Poor/Rich, and Educated/Illiterate. To really understand the gravity of the situation one needs to understand a few very important points;- what actually is Drug-Abuse? As I understand a very simple definition of Drug abuse is that it means use of drugs for the purpose for which it is not meant to be used (in other words use of drugs not for treating ailments but to satisfy vicarious pleasure ). The destructive thing about this is that when people experience the hallucination under the influence of these drugs, they would like to this again & again causing a serious Drug Addiction. Now let’s try to understand the various Drugs frequently abused. The Most Common that is used by more than 80% of the people is Marijuana also called Ganja or Grass or weed in colloquial language. The most dangerous aspect to be noted is that in spite of being labeled a Banned Drug, Marijuana is available very easily to all & sundry. The reason for it to be a favorite among the Drug addicts is that it is not very expensive & it gives an instant kick and can be had instantly without even letting a non smoker know about it. We see thousands of people smoking cigarettes everyday & their may be many of them smoking Ganja & still we won’t know about it. Even though this is not an appropriate time to say I cannot prevent myself from saying that the If the Law enforcing authorities are strict, this menace can be controlled to a very large extent. Why would people get addicted to this? Other than the reasons of being easily available etc, as mentioned above Chemically a substance called as THC ( Tetra Hydroxy Cannibinol) a ketone present in this Drug makes the body become dependent on it. The relaxation it brings to the smoker along with the euphoria it creates makes the smoker misconceive that this actually is not destructive & some regulars believe that smoking grass helps in harnessing their creativity. Once again this is a misconception which needs urgent rattention. . Now let us see How it becomes a menace to the person abusing it so that we can understand how it affects the society. As the time goes by & the addiction takes root, it causes various personality disorders, serious psychological behavioral problems & loss of priority resulting in Poor judgments, Slowed reflexes, Distorted vision, Memory lapse, Anxiety, Confusion, Constant physical fights, tiredness, Black outs, Lowered inhibitions & problems in remembering recently said or did. They even start believing that Drugs is necessary to have fun & to even to exist. They constantly feel run-down or depressed leading to suicidal tendencies. They constantly complain of Dry mouth, Nausea, Head ache, decreased co-ordination, Increased Heart rates, Reduced Muscle strength, increased appetite & craving. Drugs & Alcohol together are contributing factors in at least half of all murders, Suicides, & Car accidents in an inebriated condition. Drug dependency pushes people to loose their self esteem & make them promiscuous. Approximately there are 1 lakh deaths occurring per year because of Drugs. The Illegal drug Mafia has a firm grip on the Market & is a very big source of funding Terrorism. Of course Marijuana is not the only drug & there are more serious Drugs like Cocaine, Heroin, LSD, and Phencyclidine which are more dangerous but luckily they are not very common as these are expensive, difficult to procure & more harmful. These drugs are snorted, smoked or injected. When these drugs are taken thru injections, it increases the chances of transmitting AIDS & HIV by sharing of needles. The Good News is that more than 98% of the teens have never tried these harder drugs like cocaine. Let me see if we can do anything about this, first of all on a personal level if we find our friends or other young people indulging in it, we have to report to the family immediately. On the family level care should be taken in handling these people & we should give them all the love & support to overcome the addictions with the help of De-addiction clinics. On a bigger scale the society of which we are a part of should take stringent steps to see there are no peddlers or users among them & finally the state should introspect & see why it cannot be rooted out if there is a will & conviction among them. My friends, Recently we saw the Grammy award winner Amy whinehouse dying at the age of 27 because of Alcohol & Drugs. It’s a pity that such a great talent has to loose out to Drugs. I can go on & on about the menace the Drug Abuse causes to the Individual first & then the society, but I feel the more we dwell upon it, the more we would be energizing it, so lets all say NO TO DRUGS & Promise to ourselves & to the society that we would weed out this menace in our generation completely.

Journal Article Review - Phonemic Awareness Essay

Journal Article Review - Phonemic Awareness - Essay Example Performance of other abilities such as sound-based tasks and other related activities can be performed. Although this is the case there are differences in the performance of children with CI and those with normal hearing capabilities. In terms of the phonological awareness (PA) for children with CI, learning phase that is protracted and long can be observed. Controlled tasks and revealed no significant difference from the normal children (Spencer and Tomblin, 2008). Based on the objective of the study that is to present a comparative analysis in the different hearings properties such as phonological awareness in relation to CI use, it can be perceived that the research conducted was able to achieve such goal. The exercises and tests that had been undertaken can be considered simple yet were able to clearly present the needed data. Variation in the use of tasks to test the hypotheses can also be observed in the research undertaken. These characteristics of the results are important in the characterization of the success of the study. It can be perceived that the methodology had been able to cover the possible points that are needed to be included in the area under study. Aside from the methodology undertaken, the presentation of the data and the analysis of the results had been presented in a commendable manner. Important characteristics of the organization of data are simple, clear and can easily be analyzed and understood. The presentation and development of the paper can also be considered important. For the said paper, the ideas and concepts had been developed and presented clearly and segregated properly for better understanding. The presentation of pertinent data related to phonological awareness is also essential. Included in the tasks under study are rhyming tasks, blending words task and Elision task which are determinants of the capabilities of the CI children in relation to learning how to read (Spencer and Tomblin, 2008). These

International banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International banking - Essay Example Having considered these two versions of definition for funding liquidity, it is also worth noting here that some experts (Brunnemeier and Pedersen, 2007; Strahan, 2008) have defined liquidity from traders and investors’ perspectives, by stating that it refers to their capability and potential to raise funds in short term. In cases when banks are unable to make timely payments or traders or investors are unable to generate funds from the market, as readily as they could have, there is a situation involving funding liquidity risk. International Monetary Fund (2008) defines funding liquidity risk by stating that it is the lack of capability of a financial institution to discharge its liabilities or financial obligations in due time. Normally, funding liquidity risk emerges from availability issues pertaining to the following sources of funding liquidity: Trading of Assets; Securitization; Loan Syndication; and Obtaining loans from Secondary Market. Having considered these factors , it is not a simple task to measure funding liquidity risk. ... t process for funding liquidity, Drehmann and Nikolaou (2008) have suggested a more simplistic measure for funding liquidity risk while keeping in view the central bank as the source for funding liquidity. The adjusted bid is denoted by the following expression: On the basis of this adjusted bid determination expression, Drehmann and Nikolaou (2008) then constructed a proxy for the funding liquidity risk, which is the sum of all bids made by all banks. The proxy is presented as follows: Or in other words: The review of theoretical and empirical literature pertaining to funding liquidity risk shows that increased risk associated with funding liquidity reflects an increased valuation of bids in the market, as investors and traders seek more return for higher risk assets. In order to normalize the bid price, Drehmann and Nikolaou (2008) have introduced the concept of adjusted bid, which is ultimately used in the measurement of liquidity funding risk. Having discussed funding liquidity, funding liquidity risk and its measurement, it is now relatively a simple task to describe and understand market liquidity, which in a similar manner, refers to the ability of traders to sell and/or buy assets in the market with no or little influence on its price and at lowest possible costs (Hooker & Kohn, 1994). Market liquidity relates directly to the cost of an asset in the market. It is the bid-ask spread aimed at determining the loss caused to sellers upon selling an asset in the market and purchasing it again at the same time. Another factor which relates to market liquidity is the â€Å"market depth†. Market depth is depictive of the number of units of an asset traders are willing to trade while keeping in view the existing prices, i.e. both for bid and ask, provided that no changes

Teacher Performance Assessment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Teacher Performance Assessment - Case Study Example For example, he uses the words abuelita and abuelito to refer to his grandmother and grandfather. There is evidence of his poor writing and oral skills in his writing about the family and oral response respectively. Most of his sentences are incomplete, and his spoken words have a weak structure.   Student activity or instructional strategy presented on the second day could be challenging to Guillermo. The instructional strategy demands the student to hold a discussion based on the defining features of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. The activity also requires the entire class to design a chart that will highlight the features of each and every rock that will be discussed. Every student will be required to cooperate during every stage of the discussion. In addition, all groups of students who cooperate during the discussion will be provided with additional ten rocks. The students will be required to arrange the rocks into different categories on the basis of their characteristics. Afterwards, the students will draw a picture that is appropriate and write matching paragraph about the features of the different rocks. These are metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks. The reason I chose the activity or learning strategy employed on the second day is because of the student’s poor writing and oral skills. Guillermo reads English that is two years below his fourth grade level. This will make it difficult for him to efficiently participate in a discussion based on the defining features of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks (Scriven 23). He will face several challenges when grammar that is technical is used during speaking or writing on the rocks. In addition, the student is socially shy; this will also hinder his active participation during the discussion. His poor writing skills will also isolate him when the rest of the students are making a chart for the rocks that are being studied. The